𝐏𝐕 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐔𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐂-𝐃𝐂 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫
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𝐏𝐕 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐔𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐂-𝐃𝐂 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫
𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
A 𝐏𝐕 𝐬𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞 is one of the most useful renewable energy configurations for stable power supply. In this MATLAB/Simulink model, the solar PV panel is connected through a 𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫, while the battery is connected through a 𝐛𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐂-𝐃𝐂 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫.
The main aim of this system is to:
Extract maximum power from the PV panel
Maintain a stable DC bus voltage
Charge the battery during excess PV power
Discharge the battery during low or zero PV generation
Provide stable AC output through an inverter
This model is useful for 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬, 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐬, and 𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐬 who want to understand PV energy management with battery support.
𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐎𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰
The system consists of three main power sections:
𝐏𝐕 𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞
PV panel generates DC power from solar irradiation
Boost converter increases the PV voltage level
INC MPPT control extracts maximum power
𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞
Battery is connected using a bidirectional DC-DC converter
Supports both charging and discharging operation
Helps maintain the DC bus voltage
𝐀𝐂 𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞
DC-AC inverter converts DC bus voltage into AC voltage
The system maintains nearly 230 V AC output
𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
Parameter | Value / Description |
PV Rating | Approximately 250 W |
Battery Voltage | 24 V |
DC Bus Voltage Range | 225 V to 240 V |
AC Output Voltage | Around 230 V |
PV Converter | Boost Converter |
Battery Converter | Bidirectional DC-DC Converter |
MPPT Method | Incremental Conductance MPPT |
DC Bus Controller | PI Controller |
Inverter Carrier Frequency | 10 kHz |
Simulation Platform | MATLAB/Simulink |
𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬
The working process of the system is simple and effective:
The 𝐏𝐕 𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐥 generates power based on solar irradiation.
The 𝐈𝐍𝐂 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓 algorithm adjusts the boost converter duty cycle.
The boost converter increases the PV voltage and feeds the DC bus.
The 𝐃𝐂 𝐛𝐮𝐬 voltage is continuously monitored.
The battery converter operates based on power availability and load demand.
The inverter converts DC power into AC power for the load.
When PV power is higher than the load demand, the battery charges.When PV power is lower than the load demand, the battery discharges.When PV power is zero, the battery alone supports the load.
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐲
The model uses two major control mechanisms:
𝐈𝐍𝐂 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥
The Incremental Conductance MPPT method is used to extract maximum power from the PV panel.
It helps to:
Track the 𝐦𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭
Adjust the boost converter duty cycle
Improve PV power utilization
Maintain better response during irradiation changes
𝐏𝐈 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐁𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫
The DC bus voltage is compared with the reference voltage. Based on the error, a 𝐏𝐈 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 generates the duty cycle for the bidirectional converter.
This control helps to:
Regulate the DC bus voltage
Control battery charging
Control battery discharging
Balance power between PV, battery, and load
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐮𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐲
Controller | Controlled Section | Main Purpose |
INC MPPT | PV Boost Converter | Extract maximum PV power |
PI Controller | Bidirectional DC-DC Converter | Maintain DC bus voltage |
PWM Control | Inverter | Generate AC output voltage |
Energy Management | PV-Battery-Load System | Balance power flow |
𝐁𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐂-𝐃𝐂 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
The bidirectional converter is the key part of this system. It allows power flow in both directions between the battery and DC bus.
Operating Mode | Converter Action | Battery Condition |
PV power is high | Buck operation | Battery charging |
PV power is low | Boost operation | Battery discharging |
PV power is zero | Boost operation | Battery supplies load |
DC bus variation occurs | Controlled operation | Voltage support |
During 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠, the battery current is negative.During 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠, the battery current is positive.
𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐬
The simulation studies different irradiation and power flow conditions.
Mode | Condition | PV Power Status | Battery Status | Load Supply |
Mode 1 | 1000 W/m² irradiation | High PV power | Charging | PV supplies load |
Mode 2 | Irradiation drops to 800 W/m² | Reduced PV power | May charge | PV supplies load |
Mode 3 | PV power less than demand | Insufficient PV power | Discharging | PV + battery supply load |
Mode 4 | Zero irradiation | No PV power | Discharging | Battery supplies load |
𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐬
The simulation confirms that the system can handle different operating conditions smoothly.
𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭 𝐎𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
At 𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐡 𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, PV supplies the load and charges the battery.
At 𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, PV power decreases but the system remains stable.
At 𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐏𝐕 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫, the battery supports the load.
At 𝐳𝐞𝐫𝐨 𝐏𝐕 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫, the battery alone supplies the load.
The DC bus voltage is maintained between 220 V and 240 V.
The inverter provides nearly 230 V AC output.
𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭 𝐒𝐮𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐲
Output Parameter | Result |
DC Bus Voltage | Maintained around 220 V to 240 V |
AC Output Voltage | Around 230 V |
Battery Charging | Occurs during excess PV power |
Battery Discharging | Occurs during low or zero PV power |
Power Flow | Automatically managed by bidirectional converter |
System Stability | Maintained during irradiation changes |
𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬
Complete 𝐏𝐕 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞 model
𝐁𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 for PV voltage conversion
𝐈𝐍𝐂 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓 algorithm for maximum power extraction
𝐁𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐂-𝐃𝐂 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 for battery control
𝐏𝐈 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 for DC bus voltage regulation
Battery charging and discharging operation
DC-AC inverter for AC load supply
Suitable for renewable energy system analysis
𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
This model is useful for understanding and analyzing:
Solar PV power conversion systems
Battery-supported renewable energy systems
DC microgrid energy management
Standalone PV power supply systems
Hybrid PV-battery systems
DC bus voltage regulation methods
Power electronics converter control
MATLAB/Simulink renewable energy simulation
𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐈𝐬 𝐔𝐬𝐞𝐟𝐮𝐥
This model gives a clear understanding of how PV power and battery storage work together. It shows how the system responds when solar irradiation changes and how the battery supports the load during power shortage.
It is especially helpful for learning:
PV energy conversion
MPPT control
Battery energy storage operation
Bidirectional converter control
DC bus voltage stabilization
Inverter-based AC output generation
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧
The 𝐏𝐕 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐔𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐂-𝐃𝐂 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 demonstrates an effective renewable energy configuration in MATLAB/Simulink.
The PV system extracts maximum power using 𝐈𝐍𝐂 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓, while the battery supports the DC bus through a 𝐛𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫. The simulation clearly shows charging, discharging, and stable power supply under different irradiation conditions.
This is a practical and easy-to-understand model for learning 𝐏𝐕 𝐬𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐬, 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞, 𝐃𝐂-𝐃𝐂 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬, and 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥.
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