𝐌𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢 𝐏𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐕 𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐂𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐋𝐀𝐁

𝐌𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢 𝐏𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐕 𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐂𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐋𝐀𝐁

𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

The 𝐌𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢 𝐏𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐕 𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐂𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫 is a MATLAB Simulink-based renewable energy system designed for 𝐃𝐂 𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐢𝐝 applications.

This model demonstrates how multiple energy sources can be connected through a single converter structure to supply a DC load, manage energy storage, and maintain reliable power sharing under different source and load conditions.

𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐎𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰

The proposed system uses a 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢 𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 with three input ports and one output port. The input sources are PV, wind energy conversion system, battery, and super capacitor support, while the output side is connected to a DC load.

𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭	𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
PV Source	Solar power generation source
Wind Energy Source	Renewable wind input source
Battery	Main energy storage unit
Super Capacitor	Fast transient power support
Multi Port Converter	Integrates multiple sources into DC bus
DC Load	Load connected to the DC microgrid
MPPT Controller	Extracts maximum power from PV and wind sources

𝐌𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬

𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫	𝐕𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞
PV Panel Power	48.16 W
PV Voltage at Maximum Power Point	17.2 V
PV Current at Maximum Power Point	2.8 A
PV Operating Voltage	50 V
PV Maximum Current	3 A
Battery Nominal Voltage	36 V
Battery Capacity	32 Ah
Battery Type	Lithium-ion
Super Capacitor Capacitance	9.6 F
Super Capacitor Voltage	40 V
Super Capacitor Initial Voltage	36 V
DC Load	50 Ω
Optional Additional Load	50 Ω

𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬

The multi port converter receives energy from different renewable and storage sources. Based on the availability of PV and wind power, the system automatically shares power between the renewable sources, battery, super capacitor, and DC load.

• When 𝐏𝐕 and 𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝 power are not available, the load receives power from the 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 and 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫.

• When 𝐏𝐕 power is available, the PV source supplies the load and supports battery or super capacitor charging.

• When 𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝 power is available, the wind source supplies the DC load and charges storage devices depending on power availability.

• When both 𝐏𝐕 and 𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝 are active, the system improves renewable power utilization and reduces battery dependency.

𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞	𝐀𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬	𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Mode 1	Battery + Super Capacitor	Load supplied only by energy storage
Mode 2	PV + Battery + Super Capacitor	PV supports load and storage system
Mode 3	Wind + Battery + Super Capacitor	Wind source supplies load and storage
Mode 4	PV + Wind + Battery + Super Capacitor	All sources integrated for DC microgrid operation

𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐲

The system uses 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓-based control for extracting maximum power from the PV panel and wind energy conversion system.

𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭	𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
PV MPPT Controller	Measures PV voltage and current and generates duty cycle
Wind MPPT Controller	Measures wind-side voltage and current and generates switching pulse
Switch S1 and S2	Controlled based on PV MPPT output
Switch S4	Controlled based on wind MPPT output
Battery and Super Capacitor	Balance load demand and source variation

The 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫 responds quickly during sudden load or source changes, while the 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 provides stable energy support for longer duration operation.

𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐬

𝐒𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨	𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧	𝐎𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐞𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐫
Battery and Super Capacitor Only	PV irradiance = 0, wind input = 0	Load supplied by storage units
PV-Based Operation	PV irradiance varied	PV current changes based on irradiance
Wind-Based Operation	Wind current reference increased	Wind source supplies load and charges storage
Hybrid PV-Wind Operation	PV and wind both active	Better power sharing and storage charging

𝐋𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐕𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭

𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝	𝐋𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐬	𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞
0 to 2 s	Additional load OFF	Battery and super capacitor supply base load
2 to 4 s	Additional load ON	Super capacitor gives fast support and battery current increases
4 to 6 s	Additional load OFF	Super capacitor charges and battery current reduces
After 6 s	Additional load ON	Storage devices again support increased load demand

𝐏𝐕 𝐈𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭

𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞	𝐈𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧	𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭
Initial Condition	High irradiance	PV current is higher
After 2 s	Irradiance reduced	PV current decreases
After 4 s	Irradiance further reduced	Battery and super capacitor support load demand
During irradiance change	Dynamic variation	Small DC load voltage oscillation occurs

𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭

𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞	𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞	𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞
0 to 2 s	0 A	Load supplied by battery and super capacitor
After 2 s	1 A	Wind source starts supplying power
After 4 s	2 A	Battery current reduces and charging action starts
Higher wind input	Increased source power	Wind supplies load and charges storage devices

𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐬

The MATLAB Simulink results show that the multi port converter can successfully integrate renewable and storage sources in a DC microgrid.

• 𝐃𝐂 𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 remains stable during source and load changes.

• 𝐏𝐕 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 changes according to irradiance variation.

• 𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 increases according to the wind current reference.

• 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 increases when renewable generation is low.

• 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 provides fast transient support during load and source changes.

𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬

• Integrated 𝐏𝐕, 𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝, 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲, and 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫 system

• MATLAB Simulink model for DC microgrid analysis

• Multi port converter-based renewable energy integration

• MPPT control for PV and wind energy extraction

• Battery and super capacitor power sharing

• Load variation and source variation analysis

• Suitable for hybrid renewable energy simulation studies

• Clear waveform analysis for voltage and current response

𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬

𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧	𝐔𝐬𝐞
DC Microgrid	Renewable source integration and load supply
Hybrid Renewable Energy System	PV and wind coordination
Energy Storage System	Battery and super capacitor power sharing
Power Electronics	Multi port converter switching analysis
MATLAB Simulink Learning	Simulation-based renewable energy study
Research and Development	Testing control strategies for hybrid systems

𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐢𝐬 𝐔𝐬𝐞𝐟𝐮𝐥

This simulation model is useful for understanding how multiple renewable energy sources and storage devices can work together in a DC microgrid. It also helps in studying converter operation, MPPT control, energy sharing, battery charging, super capacitor response, and DC load voltage behaviour.

𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧

The 𝐌𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢 𝐏𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 for integration of 𝐏𝐕, 𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝, 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲, and 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫 in MATLAB provides a clear and practical simulation platform for DC microgrid applications.

It demonstrates how renewable sources, energy storage devices, MPPT controllers, and load management can be combined in a single Simulink model to analyze power sharing, voltage stability, and dynamic system performance.