MATLAB Simulation of Hybrid PV Wind Diesel Generator Grid System
MATLAB Simulation of Hybrid PV Wind Diesel Generator Grid System
𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
The MATLAB Simulation of Hybrid PV Wind Diesel Generator Grid System demonstrates how solar, wind, diesel, and utility-grid sources can operate together to supply critical and non-critical electrical loads.
Hybrid PV Wind Diesel Generator Grid System
The model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink and includes renewable-energy generation, conventional backup generation, grid integration, power-electronic converters, source-level controllers, transformers, loads, and measurement systems.
This simulation is useful for:
Understanding hybrid renewable-energy systems
Studying power sharing among multiple sources
Analysing grid import and export conditions
Observing bus voltages, currents, and generated power
Learning inverter and generator control techniques
Developing microgrid energy-management strategies
𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐎𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰
The hybrid power system consists of the following major sections:
Main utility grid
Step-down transformer
Solar PV array
Grid-connected PV inverter
PMSG-based wind-energy conversion system
Diesel generator
Critical loads
Non-critical load
Voltage, current, and power measurement units
All distributed energy resources are connected to a common 400 V AC bus. This configuration allows solar, wind, diesel, and grid power to support the connected loads together.
Main system parameters
System component | Rated value |
Main grid power rating | 154 MW |
Main grid voltage | 34.5 kV |
Common hybrid-system bus | 400 V |
Grid frequency | 50 Hz |
Solar PV system | 41 kW |
Wind generator | 1.5 MW |
Diesel generator | 430 kW |
Critical Load 1 | 400 kW |
Critical Load 2 | 80 kW |
Non-critical load | 500 kW |
𝐌𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐫
The main utility grid is rated at approximately 154 MW and 34.5 kV.
A step-down transformer connects the high-voltage grid to the hybrid energy system. It performs the following functions:
Reduces the grid voltage from 34.5 kV to 400 V
Provides voltage-level compatibility
Connects the utility grid to the common AC bus
Enables bidirectional power exchange
Supports the loads when local generation is insufficient
Receives surplus power from the hybrid sources
The power-flow direction depends on the combined renewable generation, diesel-generator output, and load demand.
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐕 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
The solar PV section contains:
PV array
DC link
Grid-connected inverter
Maximum Power Point Tracking control
Inverter controller
Voltage and current measurements
Power measurement unit
Solar PV specifications
Parameter | Value |
PV system rating | 41 kW |
Approximate simulated output | 40.5 kW |
Inverter output voltage | 400 V |
Operating frequency | 50 Hz |
Connection type | Grid-connected |
The PV array converts solar irradiation into DC power. The DC power is supplied to the DC link and then converted into three-phase AC power through the grid-connected inverter.
The MPPT controller helps the PV array operate near its maximum available power point. The inverter controller synchronizes the output with the common AC bus before transferring power to the hybrid system.
𝐏𝐌𝐒𝐆 𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
The wind-energy conversion system uses a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, or PMSG.
It consists of:
Wind-turbine model
PMSG
Rotor-side converter
Grid-side converter
DC-link capacitor
Speed regulator
Pitch controller
DQ-axis converter controllers
Voltage, current, and power measurement units
Wind-system specifications
Parameter | Value |
Wind-generator type | PMSG |
Rated power | 1.5 MW |
Rated voltage | 400 V |
Rated frequency | 50 Hz |
DC-link voltage | 1050 V |
Number of pole pairs | 48 |
Wind-turbine operation
The wind-turbine model receives operating information such as:
Wind speed
Generator rotor speed
Turbine operating condition
Based on these inputs, the turbine controller produces the required torque command.
The torque reference is sent to the rotor-side control system. This allows the converter to regulate generator operation and transfer the extracted wind power to the common grid bus.
𝐃𝐢𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐥 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
The diesel generator provides controllable power support when renewable generation varies or additional power is required.
Diesel-generator specifications
Parameter | Value |
Rated power | 430 kW |
Rated voltage | 400 V |
Rated frequency | 50 Hz |
Generator type | Synchronous generator |
Approximate simulated output | 25 kW |
The diesel-generation unit includes:
Diesel engine
Speed governor
Synchronous generator
Excitation system
Terminal voltage measurement
Output current measurement
Power measurement
Engine governor
The engine governor controls the mechanical input delivered to the synchronous generator. It helps regulate:
Generator speed
Mechanical power
Active-power output
Frequency response
Excitation system
The excitation system controls the generator field. Its main purpose is to maintain the synchronous generator’s terminal voltage near the required value.
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐋𝐨𝐚𝐝𝐬
The model includes two critical loads and one non-critical load.
Load | Classification | Rated power |
Critical Load 1 | Critical | 400 kW |
Critical Load 2 | Critical | 80 kW |
Non-critical load | Non-critical | 500 kW |
Total connected load | — | 980 kW |
Critical loads represent essential electrical loads that require continuous and reliable power.
The non-critical load represents a load that can be reduced or disconnected during power shortages, abnormal grid conditions, or emergency operation.
𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬
The complete system operates through the following sequence:
The solar PV array generates DC power from available solar irradiation.
MPPT control extracts the maximum available PV power.
The PV inverter converts DC power into grid-compatible AC power.
The wind turbine converts wind energy into mechanical torque.
The PMSG converts mechanical power into electrical power.
Rotor-side and grid-side converters regulate wind-generator operation.
The diesel generator supplies controllable power support.
All sources exchange power through the common 400 V AC bus.
Critical and non-critical loads receive power from the hybrid system.
The main grid supplies a deficit or absorbs surplus power.
Measurement blocks record the voltage, current, and power at different buses.
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐲
PV inverter control
The PV inverter controller performs:
Maximum power extraction
DC-link regulation
Grid synchronization
Inverter-current control
Active-power transfer
Stable connection to the AC bus
Wind-converter control
The PMSG wind system uses two main control sections:
Controller | Main function |
Rotor-side control | Regulates generator torque and operating speed |
Grid-side control | Regulates DC-link voltage and grid power transfer |
Speed regulator | Produces the required speed-control response |
Pitch controller | Limits turbine power under high wind conditions |
Feedforward decoupling | Improves independent DQ-axis regulation |
Both converter controllers use DQ-based feedforward decoupling control. This approach improves the regulation of current, voltage, torque, and power transfer.
Diesel-generator control
The diesel generator uses:
Engine-governor control for mechanical input and speed regulation
Excitation control for generator-field and terminal-voltage regulation
Grid power management
The utility grid balances the difference between total generated power and load demand.
Power deficit: the grid supplies power to the hybrid system.
Power surplus: the grid receives power from the hybrid system.
Negative grid power: indicates power export from the hybrid system to the main grid, according to the model’s sign convention.
𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐬
The MATLAB/Simulink scope displays the power contributed by each source.
Observed power values
Measured quantity | Approximate result |
Solar PV power | 40.5 kW |
Wind power | 1.5 MW |
Diesel-generator power | 25 kW |
Grid power | Negative during export |
Connected load demand | 980 kW |
The wind generator provides the largest share of the generated power. Solar PV contributes approximately 40.5 kW, while the diesel generator supplies around 25 kW under the presented operating condition.
Because the combined generation exceeds the connected load demand, surplus power is transferred to the main grid.
Power-flow interpretation
Condition | Grid-power direction |
Generation is lower than load demand | Grid supplies the hybrid system |
Generation equals load demand | Grid exchange is approximately zero |
Generation is higher than load demand | Hybrid system exports power to the grid |
𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬
The simulation contains dedicated measurement scopes for:
Wind-generator bus voltage and current
Solar PV bus voltage and current
Diesel-generator bus voltage and current
Main-grid voltage and current
Critical Load 1 voltage and current
Critical Load 2 voltage and current
Non-critical-load voltage and current
Individual source power
Critical and non-critical load power
The three-phase voltage and current waveforms help users examine:
Phase balance
Steady-state operation
Startup transients
Current settling
Source synchronization
Power-sharing behaviour
Grid-interconnection performance
𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬
Integrated solar PV, wind, diesel, and utility-grid sources
Common 400 V AC bus
Grid-connected solar PV inverter
MPPT-based solar power extraction
PMSG wind-energy conversion system
Rotor-side and grid-side wind converters
DQ feedforward decoupling control
Wind-turbine speed and pitch regulation
Diesel engine governor and excitation control
Critical and non-critical load modelling
Bidirectional grid power flow
Source-wise power monitoring
Bus-wise voltage and current measurements
Renewable-power export to the utility grid
Suitable for control and energy-management studies
𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
This MATLAB simulation can support studies related to:
Hybrid renewable-energy systems
Grid-connected microgrids
Rural and remote power systems
Industrial hybrid power supplies
Renewable-energy integration
Distributed generation
Power-sharing control
Diesel fuel-reduction strategies
Critical-load power management
Grid import and export analysis
PMSG wind-generator control
PV inverter control
Microgrid energy-management systems
Voltage and frequency regulation
𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐚𝐧 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥?
The simulation is suitable for:
Electrical engineering students
Power-electronics learners
Renewable-energy researchers
Microgrid researchers
Control-system engineers
MATLAB/Simulink users
Power-system professionals
Engineers studying hybrid energy management
𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬
By studying this model, users can understand:
How multiple energy sources connect to a common AC bus
How a PV inverter transfers power to the grid
How a PMSG wind system uses back-to-back converters
How generator torque and speed are regulated
How a diesel governor controls mechanical input
How excitation maintains generator terminal voltage
How critical and non-critical loads are represented
How surplus renewable energy is exported
How to interpret grid-power sign conventions
How to analyse three-phase bus waveforms
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧
The MATLAB Simulation of Hybrid PV Wind Diesel Generator Grid System provides a complete platform for studying the integration of renewable and conventional energy sources.
The model combines a 41 kW solar PV system, a 1.5 MW PMSG wind generator, a 430 kW diesel generator, and a 154 MW utility grid. These sources are connected through a common 400 V, 50 Hz bus to supply critical and non-critical loads.
Simulation results demonstrate source-wise power generation, load consumption, bus voltages, currents, transient performance, and grid power exchange. During surplus-generation conditions, the hybrid system exports power to the utility grid.
Overall, the model offers a clear and practical way to understand hybrid generation, converter control, diesel-generator regulation, power sharing, and grid integration using MATLAB/Simulink.
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