Hybrid PV Wind Diesel Generator Grid System

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🌍 Introduction

As global energy demands increase and environmental sustainability becomes a priority, hybrid renewable energy systems are emerging as a practical solution. This project demonstrates the integration of solar PV, wind, and diesel generation with the main grid in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The model showcases the combined operation of renewable and conventional energy sources to achieve stable, reliable, and sustainable power generation.

⚙️ System Configuration

The proposed hybrid energy system consists of the following key components:

☀️ Solar PV Panel Array with Inverter – Generates clean energy using photovoltaic modules with MPPT control.
🌬️ Wind Turbine with Permanent Magnet Generator (PMNG) – Converts wind energy into electrical power through a PMSG and rectifier.
⛽ Diesel Generator – Provides auxiliary power when renewable sources are insufficient.
⚡ Main Grid Connection – Supports energy exchange for backup and stabilization.

🔋 System Components

Main Grid:

Rated capacity: 154 MW
Voltage rating: 34.5 kV, stepped down to 400 kV via a transformer for system integration.

Solar PV System:

Array capacity: 41 kW connected to a grid-tied inverter with MPPT control.
Generates power based on solar irradiance and temperature conditions.

Wind Turbine System:

Equipped with a Permanent Magnet Generator (PMNG) for efficient energy conversion.
Uses speed regulation and feedforward decoupling control to ensure stable output.

Diesel Generator:

Rated at 30 kW, providing backup during periods of low renewable generation.

⚡ Load Distribution

Load Type	Rating (kW)
Critical Load 1	400
Critical Load 2	80
Non-Critical Load	500

The system prioritizes critical loads to ensure uninterrupted power, while the grid and diesel generator assist in meeting total load demand under fluctuating renewable conditions.

📊 Simulation Results

The MATLAB/Simulink model successfully simulates hybrid operation across solar, wind, diesel, and grid sources.
Continuous monitoring of power flow, voltage, and current ensures steady operation of all subsystems.
Power sharing between renewables, diesel, and the grid is dynamically managed for optimum performance.

🔍 Key Observations

☀️ PV output varies directly with solar irradiance levels.
🌬️ Wind turbine power fluctuates based on wind speed variations.
⛽ Diesel generator activates when renewable generation is insufficient, maintaining system stability.
⚡ Grid interaction balances power supply and demand, ensuring uninterrupted service to critical loads.

🧠 Conclusion

The simulation demonstrates the effective operation of a Hybrid PV–Wind–Diesel Generator System under various conditions. The integrated control strategy ensures stable voltage, reliable power supply, and efficient utilization of renewable energy.

This MATLAB-based study provides valuable insights for designing and optimizing hybrid microgrid systems, highlighting their potential in promoting sustainable and resilient energy infrastructures for future power systems.