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⚡ MATLAB Simulation of ANN-Based MPPT for Solar PV–Battery Powered BLDC Motor ☀️🔋⚙️

Solar PV Boost Converter + Battery Bidirectional Converter + 24V BLDC Drive (Simulink)

ANN (Artificial Neural Network) based MPPT control for a solar PV + battery powered BLDC motor drive in MATLAB/Simulink. This model is designed for a 24V DC bus system, where the PV supplies the BLDC motor and also charges the battery, and the battery supports the motor when PV power becomes low.

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✅ BLDC Motor Specification (24V, 40W) ⚙️

In this simulation, we use a 24V, 40W BLDC motor specification taken from a standard manufacturer website. The main rated values are:

  • 🔋 Rated Voltage: 24 V

  • 🌀 Rated Speed: 3000 rpm

  • 🔧 Rated Torque: 0.125 N·m

  • ⚡ Rated Power: ≈ 39 W

  • 🔌 Rated Current: ≈ 2.5 A

  • 🚀 Peak Current: 7.5 A

  • 💪 Peak Torque: 0.375 N·m

  • ⚙️ Torque Constant: 0.05 N·m/A

  • 🧲 Line–Line Resistance: 1.35 Ω

  • 🧷 Line–Line Inductance: 0.93 mH

  • 🧾 Poles: 8 → Pole pairs = 4

  • 🧱 Inertia: 0.33 kg·cm²

🛠️ BLDC Block Parameter Setup

In the BLDC motor block:✅ Select Trapezoidal back-EMF✅ Use Compute from standard manufacturing specification✅ Enter resistance, inductance, torque constant, pole pairs, inertia✅ Click Compute block parameters and Apply to update the motor model

☀️ Solar PV Array Design (100W) 🌞

To supply a 40W motor reliably, we choose a PV array with higher rating:

  • 🔆 PV Array Power: 100 W

  • ⚡ Vmp (Voltage at MPP): 17 V

  • 🔌 Imp (Current at MPP): 2.941 A (single panel)

  • 🔁 Parallel Strings: 2➡️ Total current ≈ 5.88 A, total power ≈ 100 W

🔋 Battery Selection (12V, 100Ah) 🔌

  • Battery Voltage: 12 V

  • Capacity: 100 AhBattery is connected to the DC bus using a bidirectional DC–DC converter, supporting both:✅ Charging mode (PV surplus)✅ Discharging mode (PV deficit)

🔼 Converter Topology Used

This system uses two converters:

1️⃣ PV Side Boost Converter 🔼

  • Input: 17 V (PV)

  • Output: 24 V DC bus

  • Controlled by: ANN-based MPPT

2️⃣ Battery Side Bidirectional Converter 🔁

  • Input/Output: 12 V battery ↔ 24 V DC bus

  • Controlled by: DC bus voltage PI controller

📌 Inductor and capacitor values (L and C) are designed using standard converter equations based on:

  • Power rating (100W)

  • Input voltage (17V / 12V)

  • Output voltage (24V)

  • Switching frequency & ripple limits

🧠 ANN-Based MPPT Control for PV ☀️🤖

The ANN MPPT controller works like this:

✅ Inputs to ANN MPPT

  • 🌞 Irradiance

  • 🌡️ Temperature

✅ Output from ANN MPPT

  • 🎯 Reference PV voltage (Vref)

Control Flow

  1. ANN generates Vref based on irradiation & temperature

  2. Vref is compared with actual PV voltage (Vpv)

  3. Error is processed through a PI controller

  4. PI controller generates duty cycle (D)

  5. Duty cycle → PWM generator

  6. PWM pulse controls the IGBT of the boost converter➡️ So maximum power is extracted under all conditions ✅

🔁 Battery Converter Control (Voltage Regulation) 🔋

To maintain a stable DC bus:

  • DC bus reference voltage: 24 V

  • Measure actual DC bus voltage

  • Error → PI controller

  • PI → Duty cycle → PWM pulses

  • Pulses drive the two IGBTs of bidirectional converter

✅ This maintains DC bus at 24V continuously even when PV power varies.

⚡ Power Flow Logic (PV + Battery + BLDC) 🔋☀️

The system automatically manages power:

  • 🌞 When PV power > motor demand✅ Motor is supplied✅ Battery goes to charging mode

  • 🌥️ When PV power < motor demand✅ Battery goes to discharging mode✅ Battery supports motor along with PV

This ensures the BLDC motor runs continuously.

🧪 Simulation Setup (Test Conditions) 🧾

🌞 Irradiance Profile (changes every 1 sec)

  • 1000 → 600 → 400 → 600 W/m² (example pattern)

🔧 Motor Torque

  • Constant load torque: 0.125 N·m (rated)

Scopes Observed 📊

  • PV voltage, current, power

  • Battery current, power, SoC

  • DC bus voltage

  • Motor speed, torque

  • Stator current

  • Back-EMF waveform

📈 Key Results & Discussion ✅

☀️ At 1000 W/m²

  • PV voltage ≈ 17 V

  • PV current ≈ 5.8 A (2 panels in parallel)

  • PV power ≈ 100 W

  • Battery current becomes negative (~ -2 A) ✅ (charging mode)

  • Battery SoC increases slightly from 50% to 50.006% 🔋📈

  • DC bus voltage maintained around 24 V ✅

  • Motor runs smoothly with stable speed 🌀

🌥️ When irradiance reduces (example: 600 W/m²)

  • PV power drops to around 60 W

  • Battery current shifts from negative to positive (~ +1 A) ✅

    • Meaning: battery starts discharging

  • Battery power changes from negative to positive

  • SoC starts reducing slightly 🔋📉

  • Still DC bus remains 24 V, motor continues running ✅

📌 Important note:

  • Negative battery power/current → charging

  • Positive battery power/current → discharging

✅ Conclusion 🎯

This MATLAB/Simulink model clearly shows:

✅ ANN MPPT extracts maximum PV power under varying irradiation/temperature✅ Battery bidirectional converter maintains DC bus at 24V✅ Battery automatically charges/discharges based on PV availability✅ BLDC motor runs continuously with stable speed and torque

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