Grid Tied PV Battery System

Grid Tied PV Battery System

Learn how a 𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐓𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐕 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 in 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐋𝐀𝐁/𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐤 works with a 𝐒𝐄𝐏𝐈𝐂 converter, 𝐏&𝐎 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓, 𝐀𝐍𝐍-based energy management, inverter control, and grid integration.

𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

A 𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐓𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐕 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 combines solar power, battery storage, and the utility grid in one smart platform.

Grid Tied PV battery system in MATLAB

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Why this model is useful:

• It helps understand 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 generation and grid interaction.

• It shows how a 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 can store extra energy.

• It demonstrates how power is shared between 𝐏𝐕, 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲, and 𝐠𝐫𝐢𝐝.

• It is useful for 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬, 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐬, and 𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐬 working on renewable energy systems.

• It is developed in 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐋𝐀𝐁/𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐤 for easy analysis and testing.

𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐎𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰

The system mainly includes:

• 𝐏𝐕 array

• 𝐒𝐄𝐏𝐈𝐂 converter

• 𝐃𝐂 bus

• 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 bank

• 𝐈𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫

• 𝐋𝐂𝐋 filter

• 𝐔𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 grid

• 𝐍𝐞𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐍𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 based energy management

  
  

𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Component	Details
PV panel rated power	213.15 W
Open circuit voltage	36.3 V
Short circuit current	7.84 A
Voltage at maximum power point	29 V
Current at maximum power point	7.35 A
Number of PV modules in series	8
Maximum PV power at 1000 W/m²	Around 1705 W
Battery bank	12 batteries
Battery capacity	40 Ah
Grid voltage	230 V RMS
Grid frequency	50 Hz

𝐁𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐤-𝐋𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥 𝐎𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰

Block	Function
PV array	Generates solar power
SEPIC converter	Regulates PV output and supports power transfer
P&O MPPT	Extracts maximum power from the PV array
DC bus	Common connection point for converter, battery, and inverter
Battery	Stores excess energy and supports the system when PV is low
Inverter	Converts DC power into AC power
LCL filter	Improves output waveform quality before grid connection
Grid	Receives or supplies power depending on operating condition
ANN energy management	Decides reference current and supports power sharing

𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬

The working sequence is simple:

1. 𝐏𝐕 𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐲 generates DC power based on solar irradiation.

2. The 𝐒𝐄𝐏𝐈𝐂 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 processes the PV power.

3. 𝐏&𝐎 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓 uses PV voltage and current to generate the duty cycle.

4. The processed power is supplied to the 𝐃𝐂 𝐛𝐮𝐬.

5. The 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 is connected to the DC bus to charge or support the system.

6. The 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 converts DC into AC power.

7. The 𝐋𝐂𝐋 𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫 smooths the inverter output.

8. The filtered AC power is delivered to the 𝐠𝐫𝐢𝐝.

9. The 𝐀𝐍𝐍 energy management system generates the required reference current for proper power sharing.

𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐲

This model uses two major control sections.

𝐏𝐕 𝐒𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥

• The PV side uses 𝐏&𝐎 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓.

• Inputs are 𝐏𝐕 𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 and 𝐏𝐕 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭.

• The controller checks the change in power and voltage.

• Based on the sign of these values, it 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 or 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 the duty cycle.

• This duty cycle controls the switching pulse for the 𝐒𝐄𝐏𝐈𝐂 converter.

𝐈𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐒𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥

• The inverter uses 𝐝𝐪 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 logic.

• Grid voltage is processed to create a sinusoidal reference.

• Measured inverter current is converted for comparison with the reference current.

• A controller processes the error signal.

• The final pulse is generated to control the inverter.

𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭

The model uses an 𝐀𝐍𝐍-based energy management system.

• Inputs such as 𝐒𝐎𝐂 and 𝐏𝐕 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 are used.

• The ANN generates the 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭.

• This helps decide whether power should:

  • charge the battery,

  • go to the grid,

  • or be taken from the grid when PV power is low.

𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐬

The model is tested by changing irradiation from 𝐢𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐖/𝐦² to 𝐢𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐖/𝐦² at 𝐢𝟎.𝟑 𝐬.

𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬

Parameter	Value
Initial irradiation	1000 W/m²
Changed irradiation	500 W/m²
Change time	0.3 s

𝐎𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐬

Condition	System Behavior
At 1000 W/m²	PV power is around 1700 W
At 1000 W/m²	Battery is in charging mode
At 1000 W/m²	Battery charging power is around 300 W
At 1000 W/m²	Remaining power, around 1200–1250 W, is sent to the grid
At 1000 W/m²	Grid voltage and inverter current are in phase, showing active power transfer to the grid
Battery observation	Battery voltage is around 424 V
Battery observation	Battery current is around 1 A
At 500 W/m²	PV power reduces to around 850 W
At 500 W/m²	Grid starts supplying power because PV power is low
At 500 W/m²	Reference current becomes negative, indicating power import from the grid

𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐬 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐰

• The 𝐏&𝐎 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓 tracks the available solar power effectively.

• The 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 stores surplus solar energy during high irradiation.

• The 𝐠𝐫𝐢𝐝 supports the system when solar power decreases.

• The 𝐀𝐍𝐍 controller helps manage power sharing intelligently.

• The overall system remains stable under changing irradiation.

𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬

• 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐋𝐀𝐁/𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐤 based complete model

• 𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐝-𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐝 solar and battery integration

• 𝐒𝐄𝐏𝐈𝐂 converter based PV interface

• 𝐏&𝐎 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓 for maximum power extraction

• 𝐀𝐍𝐍-based intelligent energy management

• 𝐝𝐪 current control for inverter operation

• 𝐋𝐂𝐋 filter for better grid-side performance

• Dynamic response under changing irradiation

• Easy to study PV, battery, inverter, and grid interaction

𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬

This model is suitable for:

• 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 system analysis

• 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 storage studies

• 𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐝 integration research

• 𝐑𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐰𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 education

• 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 electronics learning

• 𝐈𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 control analysis

• 𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐭 energy management development

• 𝐀𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜 and industrial simulation studies

𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧

The 𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐓𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐕 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 is a practical and effective model for studying solar power conversion, battery charging, inverter control, and grid interaction in one platform. With the help of a 𝐒𝐄𝐏𝐈𝐂 converter, 𝐏&𝐎 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓, 𝐝𝐪 inverter control, and 𝐀𝐍𝐍 energy management, the system can intelligently manage power flow under different irradiation conditions. It is a useful learning and research model for anyone working in 𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐰𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲, 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐬, and 𝐠𝐫𝐢𝐝-𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐝 battery applications.

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