Single-Stage Single-Phase Grid-Connected Solar PV System

🔷 System Configuration Overview

The developed single-stage grid-connected PV system consists of:

• ☀️ Solar PV Array

• 🔋 DC-Link Capacitor

• 🔄 Single-Phase Full-Bridge Inverter

• 🌐 LCL Filter

• ⚡ Utility Grid (230 V, 50 Hz)

• 🏠 Local Load

• 🎛️ MPPT + Inverter Control Scheme

This configuration enables direct power transfer from PV to grid with minimal losses and reduced system complexity.

Single Stage single Phase Grid connected Solar PV system

₹2,358.00₹1,179.00

Buy Now

☀️ Solar PV Array Details

• 🔹 Single PV panel rating: ~249.86 W

• 🔹 Voltage at MPP (Vmp): 31 V

• 🔹 Current at MPP (Imp): 8.06 A

📈 I–V and P–V Characteristics

Under different irradiance conditions:

• 🌞 1000 W/m² → ~6970 W, DC voltage ≈ 434 V

• 🌤️ 500 W/m² → ~3486 W

• ☁️ 100 W/m² → ~660 W

The PV array output is fed directly to the DC-link capacitor, which stabilizes the inverter input voltage.

🔋 DC-Link Capacitor

• Acts as an energy buffer

• Maintains DC voltage around 434 V

• Ensures smooth power flow between PV array and inverter

🔄 Single-Phase Inverter & Grid Interface

• 🔹 Topology: Single-phase full-bridge inverter

• 🔹 Filter: LCL filter for harmonic reduction

• 🔹 Grid Voltage: 230 V RMS

The inverter transfers active power from the PV system to:

• 🏠 Local load

• 🌐 Utility grid (export or import based on power balance)

🎛️ Control Strategy: MPPT + Inverter Control

⚡ MPPT Controller

• Uses PV voltage and current

• Generates reference DC voltage

• Ensures maximum power extraction from the PV array

🔁 Inverter Control

• Measures:

  • DC-link voltage

  • Grid voltage and current

• Converts measured signals from αβ to dq reference frame

• Uses current controller with feed-forward decoupling

• Generates reference voltages

• Applies sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) to produce gate pulses

👉 This ensures:

• Grid synchronization

• Unity power factor operation

• Stable power injection into the grid

🔬 Simulation Scenario

🌞 Irradiance Profile

• Initial irradiance: 500 W/m²

• Step change to: 1000 W/m²

📊 Simulation Results

🔋 PV Side

• At 500 W/m²:

  • PV voltage ≈ 434 V

  • PV inverter power ≈ 3.4 kW

• At 1000 W/m²:

  • PV voltage maintained ≈ 434 V

  • PV inverter power ≈ 6.9 kW

⚡ Load & Grid Power Flow

• Load demand: 5 kW (with 2 kVAR reactive power)

🔹 500 W/m²:

• PV supplies ~3.4 kW

• Grid supplies remaining ~1.5–1.6 kW

🔹 1000 W/m²:

• PV generates excess power

• Load consumes 5 kW

• Remaining ~1.9–2 kW exported to the grid

📈 Waveforms Observed

• Inverter voltage and current

• Grid voltage and current

• Increased inverter current with higher irradiance

• Smooth and sinusoidal grid current injection

✅ Key Highlights

• ☀️ Efficient single-stage PV-to-grid conversion

• 🎯 Accurate MPPT under varying irradiance

• 🔄 Stable DC-link voltage

• 🌐 Bidirectional grid power flow (import/export)

• 📉 Reduced harmonics due to LCL filter

🎉 Conclusion

This simulation successfully demonstrates the working principle of a single-stage single-phase grid-connected solar PV system in MATLAB/Simulink. The system efficiently tracks maximum power, meets local load demand, and exports surplus energy to the grid under high irradiance conditions.