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Power Management in PV-Wind-Battery DC Microgrid Using MATLAB Simulink

In today’s energy landscape, managing hybrid renewable energy systems efficiently is crucial. This blog explores the working of a PV-Wind-Battery-based DC microgrid, designed and simulated in MATLAB Simulink. The focus is on boost converter design, MPPT control, and energy balancing between sources and storage to ensure reliable load supply.

System Overview

The DC microgrid integrates:

  • Wind Power Generation (rated at ~3 kW).

  • Solar PV Panels.

  • Battery Energy Storage System (BESS).

  • DC Load (around 3 kW).

The system aims to maintain a constant 400 V DC bus voltage while meeting load demands through a combination of real-time power generation and energy storage management.

Wind Power Boost Converter Design

The wind turbine generates an output voltage (~250 V) that needs to be boosted to 400 V using a Boost Converter. The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) output is rectified to DC and then processed via:

  • Inductor (L) and Capacitor (C) design, calculated using standard boost converter equations.

  • Parameters include input/output voltages, rated power, and permissible ripple currents/voltages.

  • The calculated inductor ensures stable voltage boosting for wind power integration.

PV Boost Converter and MPPT Control

For the solar PV subsystem:

  • Input voltage (~245 V) is boosted to 400 V using a separate boost converter.

  • MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is implemented using the Incremental Conductance (IncCond) Algorithm:

    • Measures PV voltage and current.

    • Calculates change in power (ΔP) and change in voltage (ΔV).

    • Adjusts the duty cycle dynamically to extract maximum power.

    • Ensures the duty cycle remains within preset minimum and maximum limits.

    • Continuously updates prior and current values for voltage, power, and duty cycle.

Battery Storage System (BESS)

  • Battery pack composed of 20 units of 12 V batteries, forming a 240 V system.

  • Supports bidirectional power flow using a boost converter:

    • Charges when excess PV/wind power is available.

    • Discharges when generation drops below load demand.

DC Bus Voltage Regulation

To ensure a stable 400 V DC bus:

  • A PI Controller monitors DC bus voltage.

  • Generates duty cycle adjustments to control the boost converter.

  • Maintains voltage stability regardless of fluctuations in renewable input or load conditions.

Simulation Results and Power Management

During simulation:

  • Solar irradiance varied (1000 W/m² → 500 W/m² → 10 W/m²), affecting PV output.

  • PV output ranged from ~2 kW to nearly zero.

  • When renewable output dropped, the battery transitioned from charging to discharging mode.

  • Power from wind generation supplemented PV output.

  • Load demand (~3 kW) was consistently met by balancing:

    • PV generation.

    • Wind generation.

    • Battery discharging during deficits.

Conclusion

The simulated PV-Wind-Battery DC microgrid demonstrates efficient power management using:

  • Proper boost converter design.

  • IncCond MPPT control for solar PV.

  • Dynamic energy balancing via battery storage.

  • Reliable DC bus voltage regulation.

This hybrid system model serves as a foundational approach for designing resilient microgrids aimed at sustainable and uninterrupted power supply in real-world applications.

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