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🌞⚡ MATLAB Simulation of a 2 MW PV-Battery Grid Integration System

Renewable energy systems are rapidly evolving to meet the increasing global demand for clean and reliable electricity. In this blog, we explore a detailed MATLAB-based simulation of a 2 MW Photovoltaic (PV) and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) integrated into a 154 MW medium-voltage grid.

This simulation highlights the interplay between solar PV generation, battery storage, and grid supply, demonstrating how advanced control strategies ensure stable and efficient power delivery.

🔑 System Overview

  • ⚡ PV Capacity: 2 MW solar PV array

  • 🔋 Battery Storage: 2 MW, 300 V, 6.6 kWh capacity

  • 🌐 Grid Connection: 154 MW, 34.5 kV main grid

  • 🔌 Transformer: Steps down 34.5 kV → 400 V for local distribution

  • 🏠 Load Demand: ~1.6 MW connected at Point of Common Coupling (PCC)

The PV and battery share a DC link, where the battery is connected via a bidirectional converter for charging/discharging operations.

☀️ Solar PV Array Configuration

The solar array consists of multiple strings of panels, arranged in series and parallel, to achieve a total output of 2 MW.

  • 🌞 At 1000 W/m² irradiation → PV produces maximum power.

  • 🌤️ At 500 W/m² irradiation → Reduced PV power.

  • 🌑 At 50 W/m² irradiation → Battery supports load during low solar input.

🔋 Battery Energy Storage Role

The battery system (2 MW, 6.6 kWh) acts as a stabilizer:

  • 🌞 Charging Mode: During high PV generation, the battery absorbs excess energy.

  • 🌙 Discharging Mode: During low irradiance, it supplies power to the load.

  • 🔄 Continuous Load Support: Keeps load demand stable (~1.5 MW) regardless of PV fluctuations.

This ensures grid independence and reduces stress on the main grid.

🌀 Advanced Control Strategies

The system uses modern power electronics and control techniques:

  • 🎛 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation): For smooth converter and inverter operation.

  • ⚙️ PI Controllers & Feedforward Decoupling: For accurate current and voltage regulation.

  • 🔄 dq0 Transformation (ABC → dq0): Simplifies control of three-phase signals.

  • 📡 PLL (Phase Locked Loop): Synchronizes inverter output with the grid.

  • 🎚 Harmonic Filters: Reduce waveform distortion for high-quality power output.

📊 Simulation Scenarios

The MATLAB model was tested under different irradiation conditions with the following observations:

  • 🌞 1000 W/m²: PV provides maximum energy → Battery charges.

  • 🌤️ 500 W/m²: Reduced PV output → Battery partially discharges.

  • 🌑 50 W/m²: Very low solar input → Battery fully discharges to support load.

Throughout, the system ensured constant load supply and maintained grid power quality.

🌐 Grid Power Injection

  • ⚡ The inverter is programmed to inject only active power (P) into the grid.

  • 🚫 Reactive power (Q) is set to zero (IQ = 0).

  • 📈 This reduces system complexity and aligns with grid code requirements in many regions.

📈 Real-Time Monitoring

The simulation continuously measures and records key parameters:

  • 🔋 Battery Voltage, Current & State of Charge (SOC)

  • ☀️ PV Voltage & Current

  • 🌐 Grid Voltage & Current

  • 🏠 Load Power

  • 📉 Harmonic Distortion Levels

This enables performance validation, system optimization, and fault diagnosis.

🔑 Key Insights from the Simulation

⚙️ Comprehensive Integration: PV + Battery successfully integrated with the grid.🔋 Battery Sizing Importance: Proper sizing ensures stable load supply.🌞 Dynamic Adaptability: Battery adjusts charging/discharging as irradiation varies.🌀 Advanced Control Techniques: Enhance system reliability and power quality.🌐 Active Power Injection Only: Simplifies compliance with grid standards.📊 Real-Time Monitoring: Crucial for efficient operation and troubleshooting.

🎯 Conclusion

This MATLAB simulation beautifully demonstrates how a 2 MW PV-Battery system can be integrated into a large-scale electrical grid. By combining renewable energy with smart storage and control strategies, the system ensures:

  • ✅ Stable power delivery

  • ✅ Reduced grid dependency

  • ✅ Enhanced energy reliability

This research underscores the future of smart renewable energy systems, where solar + storage + control come together to build a sustainable and resilient grid.

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