𝐇𝐲𝐛𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐏𝐕–𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝–𝐃𝐢𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐥 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
- lms editor
- 1 day ago
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𝐇𝐲𝐛𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐏𝐕–𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝–𝐃𝐢𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐥 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
A hybrid power system combines multiple energy sources to improve power availability, reliability and operational flexibility. This MATLAB/Simulink model integrates:
A 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 PV generation system
A 𝐏𝐌𝐒𝐆-based wind energy system
A diesel generator
A utility grid
Critical and non-critical loads
𝐇𝐲𝐛𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐏𝐕–𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝–𝐃𝐢𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐥 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
The model demonstrates how renewable and conventional sources work together to supply connected loads and exchange surplus power with the utility grid.
It is suitable for students, researchers and engineers who want to understand hybrid renewable energy generation, grid integration, converter control and power-flow analysis using 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐋𝐀𝐁/𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐤.
𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐎𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰
The hybrid system is connected to a 𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 400 V AC distribution line. A transformer connects the low-voltage hybrid system to the 34.5 kV main grid.
The complete system includes:
Grid-connected solar PV array
Solar inverter with MPPT control
PMSG wind turbine
Machine-side and grid-side converters
Diesel synchronous generator
Engine governor and excitation system
Two critical loads
One non-critical load
Voltage, current and power measurement blocks
Main System Ratings
Component | Parameter | Value |
Utility grid | Rated power | 154 MW |
Utility grid | Rated voltage | 34.5 kV |
Distribution line | Operating voltage | 400 V |
Grid frequency | Frequency | 50 Hz |
Solar PV system | Rated power | 41 kW |
PV inverter | AC voltage | 400 V |
Wind generator | Generator type | PMSG |
Wind system | Rated power | 1.5 MW |
Wind system | Rated voltage | 400 V |
Wind system | Rated frequency | 50 Hz |
Wind converter | DC-link voltage | 1050 V |
PMSG | Number of pole pairs | 48 |
Diesel generator | Rated power | 430 kW |
Diesel generator | Rated voltage | 400 V |
Diesel generator | Rated frequency | 50 Hz |
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐕 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
The solar PV array generates DC power from solar irradiation. The generated power is supplied to a DC link and then converted into AC power using a grid-connected inverter.
Solar PV Operating Process
The PV array produces DC voltage and current.
The 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓 controller identifies the maximum available PV power.
The DC-link stage stabilizes the inverter input.
The inverter converts DC power into three-phase AC power.
The inverter synchronizes the output with the 400 V AC bus.
The PV system supplies approximately 40.5 kW during the simulated operating condition.
Solar PV Details
Parameter | Value |
Rated PV power | 41 kW |
Approximate simulated power | 40.5 kW |
Inverter output voltage | 400 V |
Grid frequency | 50 Hz |
Control method | MPPT-based inverter control |
𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
The wind energy system uses a 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭-𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐞𝐭 𝐬𝐲𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫. The wind turbine converts wind energy into mechanical torque, while the PMSG converts the mechanical input into electrical power.
The PMSG is connected to the AC bus through:
A machine-side converter
A DC-link capacitor
A grid-side converter
Converter control and PWM generation blocks
Wind Turbine Operation
Wind speed is applied to the wind turbine model.
The turbine calculates the mechanical torque.
Rotor speed is measured and supplied to the controller.
Speed and pitch controllers determine the torque command.
The machine-side converter controls PMSG torque and speed.
The grid-side converter regulates the DC-link voltage.
Generated wind power is transferred to the common AC bus.
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐲
Solar Inverter Control
The PV inverter controller performs the following functions:
Maximum power extraction from the PV array
DC-link voltage management
Grid synchronization
Active and reactive current regulation
Three-phase inverter pulse generation
PMSG Machine-Side Control
The machine-side converter controls the electrical operation of the PMSG.
Its main functions include:
Rotor-speed regulation
Electromagnetic torque control
Direct- and quadrature-axis current control
Feedforward decoupling control
Converter switching-pulse generation
Wind Grid-Side Control
The grid-side converter transfers wind power to the AC network while maintaining stable converter operation.
It provides:
DC-link voltage regulation
Grid current control
Active-power control
Reactive-power control
Grid synchronization
Feedforward decoupling using the dq control method
Speed and Pitch Control
The wind turbine controller uses rotor speed and operating conditions to generate the required torque command.
The pitch controller helps:
Limit excessive turbine speed
Protect the turbine during high wind conditions
Maintain stable generator operation
Control mechanical power extraction
𝐃𝐢𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐥 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
The diesel generation unit uses a synchronous generator driven by a diesel engine.
It includes:
Diesel engine model
Speed governor
Synchronous generator
Excitation system
Voltage and current measurements
Engine Governor
The engine governor controls the mechanical input supplied to the synchronous generator.
Its main purpose is to:
Maintain generator speed
Regulate mechanical power
Respond to load changes
Support system frequency
Excitation System
The excitation system regulates the generator field current.
It helps to:
Maintain the generator terminal voltage
Control reactive-power support
Improve voltage stability
Respond to changes in connected load
𝐋𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
The hybrid network contains two critical loads and one non-critical load.
Load | Rated Power | Priority |
Critical load 1 | 400 kW | High |
Critical load 2 | 80 kW | High |
Non-critical load | 500 kW | Lower |
Total connected load | 980 kW | — |
Critical loads require continuous and reliable power. The non-critical load may be controlled or disconnected during generation shortages or abnormal operating conditions.
𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬
The overall hybrid system operates through the following sequence:
The PV array generates power based on solar availability.
The MPPT controller extracts the maximum available PV power.
The PV inverter transfers the generated power to the AC bus.
The wind turbine drives the PMSG according to wind speed.
Machine-side control regulates generator torque and speed.
Grid-side control transfers wind power to the common bus.
The diesel generator supplies additional power when required.
The critical and non-critical loads receive power from the hybrid bus.
The main grid balances the remaining power difference.
Surplus hybrid power is exported to the grid when generation exceeds demand.
𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
The direction of grid power depends on the balance between total generation and total demand.
Generation Higher Than Demand
When PV, wind and diesel generation exceed the connected load:
All loads are supplied.
Excess power flows toward the utility grid.
Negative grid power may indicate power export, depending on the measurement convention.
Generation Lower Than Demand
When renewable and diesel generation are insufficient:
The utility grid supplies the power deficit.
Critical loads remain continuously energized.
The diesel generator may increase its output.
Non-critical loads may be reduced if a load-management strategy is applied.
𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐬
The simulation scope displays the individual power contributions of the grid, PV system, wind system and diesel generator.
Observed Power Values
Source | Approximate Power |
Solar PV system | 40.5 kW |
Wind energy system | 1.5 MW |
Diesel generator | 25 kW |
Grid | Receives surplus power |
The results indicate that the wind generator is the major source of power in the simulated condition. The PV system contributes close to its rated value, while the diesel generator provides a smaller power contribution.
Since total generation is greater than the connected load, surplus power is supplied to the main grid.
Measured Electrical Quantities
The model measures voltage and current at:
Solar PV bus
Wind turbine bus
Diesel generator bus
Critical load 1
Critical load 2
Non-critical load
Utility grid connection point
It also measures:
Grid active power
Solar PV power
Wind power
Diesel generator power
Critical-load power
Non-critical-load power
𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬
Complete 𝐏𝐕–wind–diesel hybrid system modelling
Integration with a 34.5 kV utility grid
400 V common AC distribution bus
Grid-connected solar inverter with MPPT
Detailed PMSG wind turbine model
Machine-side and grid-side converter control
dq-axis feedforward decoupling control
Wind turbine speed and pitch regulation
Diesel generator governor and excitation control
Critical and non-critical load modelling
Individual bus voltage and current measurements
Power-sharing and grid-export analysis
MATLAB/Simulink-based waveform visualization
𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
This hybrid power-system model can support the study of:
Renewable energy integration
Grid-connected microgrids
Hybrid distributed generation
Wind turbine converter control
Solar PV inverter control
Diesel generator coordination
Rural and remote electrification
Industrial hybrid power systems
Critical-load power management
Grid power import and export
Energy-management system development
Power-system stability analysis
𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐚𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐭?
This MATLAB simulation is useful for:
Electrical engineering students
Power electronics learners
Renewable energy researchers
Microgrid engineers
MATLAB/Simulink users
Power-system designers
Wind and solar energy professionals
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧
The MATLAB simulation demonstrates the coordinated operation of a 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 PV array, PMSG wind turbine, diesel generator and utility grid.
The model clearly explains:
Renewable power generation
Converter and inverter control
Diesel generator voltage and speed regulation
Power sharing among multiple energy sources
Critical and non-critical load supply
Grid power import and export
This simulation provides a practical platform for understanding the design, control and performance evaluation of a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system.
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