Grid Connected Hybrid Solar PV Wind with Battery Energy Storage System
Grid Connected Hybrid Solar PV Wind with Battery Energy Storage System
𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
A Grid Connected Hybrid Solar PV Wind with Battery Energy Storage System combines solar photovoltaic generation, wind energy conversion, battery storage, and the utility grid through a common DC bus.
In this MATLAB/Simulink model:
Solar PV supplies renewable power under varying irradiance.
Wind turbine–PMSG generates electrical power under varying wind speed.
Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) absorbs or supplies power according to system conditions.
MPPT controllers extract maximum available power from the PV and wind sources.
A 400 V common DC bus links the renewable sources, battery, DC load, and grid-connected inverter.
A single-phase grid-connected full-bridge inverter transfers power between the DC system and the utility grid.
The inverter uses a dq-frame-based control strategy for current regulation.
This model is useful for understanding renewable energy integration, battery charging behavior, DC-link voltage regulation, MPPT operation, and grid power exchange using MATLAB/Simulink.
𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐎𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰
The complete hybrid system consists of the following major sections:
Wind turbine
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)
Rectifier
Wind-side boost converter
P&O MPPT controller
Solar PV array
PV-side boost converter
Incremental Conductance MPPT controller
Battery Energy Storage System
Bidirectional DC–DC converter
DC load
Common DC bus
Grid-connected full-bridge inverter
LCL filter
Utility grid
dq-frame inverter controller
PWM pulse generation and measurement blocks
Main System Parameters
Parameter | Value / Condition |
Wind generation rating | Approximately 2.77–2.8 kW |
PV rated power | Approximately 2 kW |
Common DC bus reference | 400 V |
Wind MPPT method | Perturb & Observe (P&O) |
PV MPPT method | Incremental Conductance |
Battery converter | Bidirectional DC–DC converter |
Battery capacity mentioned | Approximately 20 Ah |
Inverter control | dq-frame current control |
Grid interface | Full-bridge inverter with LCL filter |
PV irradiance variation interval | Approximately 0.3 s |
Initial wind speed | 12 m/s |
𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
The wind generation section converts mechanical wind energy into controlled DC electrical power.
Wind-Side Power Flow
Wind Turbine → PMSG → Rectifier → Boost Converter → Common DC Bus
Working Process
The wind turbine receives a variable wind-speed input.
The turbine drives the PMSG.
The PMSG produces variable AC electrical output.
A rectifier converts the generator output into DC.
The rectifier voltage and current are measured.
These signals are supplied to the P&O MPPT controller.
The MPPT controller generates the required duty-cycle command.
The boost converter regulates the converter operation and extracts maximum available wind power.
The boost converter output is connected to the 400 V common DC bus.
𝐏&𝐎 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲
The wind energy conversion system uses the Perturb and Observe MPPT algorithm.
The controller receives:
Rectifier output voltage
Rectifier output current
Based on these measured quantities, the controller continuously adjusts the boost-converter operating point.
The main objective is to:
Track the optimum wind-generation operating point.
Extract the maximum available power.
Respond to wind-speed variations.
Supply the extracted power to the common DC bus.
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐕 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
The solar PV section has a rated power of approximately 2000 W.
PV Power Flow
Solar PV → Boost Converter → Common DC Bus
Because PV output changes with solar irradiance, an MPPT controller is required to operate the PV array near its maximum-power point.
𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓
The PV boost converter is controlled using the Incremental Conductance MPPT algorithm.
The controller:
Monitors PV electrical conditions.
Detects changes in the PV operating point.
Adjusts the converter duty cycle.
Tracks maximum available PV power.
Responds to changing solar irradiance.
This allows the PV system to continue operating efficiently even when the incoming solar energy changes.
𝐏𝐕 𝐈𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐕𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
The simulation applies changing irradiance to test the dynamic response of the PV system.
The irradiance is changed approximately every 0.3 seconds.
Operating Condition | Irradiance | Approximate PV Power |
High irradiance | 1000 W/m² | 2000 W |
Medium irradiance | 500 W/m² | 1000 W |
Very low irradiance | 10 W/m² | Close to 0 W |
Medium irradiance restored | 500 W/m² | 1000 W |
High irradiance restored | 1000 W/m² | 2000 W |
The simulation clearly shows that the PV voltage, current, and power change according to irradiance.
𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
The battery is connected to the common DC bus through a bidirectional DC–DC converter.
This arrangement allows power to flow in either direction depending on operating conditions.
Battery Functions
Absorbs surplus renewable energy.
Supports the DC bus when required.
Helps balance PV, wind, DC load, and grid power.
Changes its charging current according to available renewable power.
Supports stable operation of the hybrid energy system.
Battery measurements include:
Battery voltage
Battery current
Battery State of Charge (SOC)
𝐃𝐂-𝐁𝐮𝐬 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥
A major control objective is maintaining the common DC bus at approximately 400 V.
The measured DC-bus voltage is compared with the 400 V reference.
The resulting voltage error is processed through a PI controller, and the controller output is used for PWM generation.
The PWM pulses operate the switches of the bidirectional DC–DC converter.
Main Objective
Maintain the DC bus close to 400 V despite variations in PV power, wind power, battery current, and load conditions.
The simulation results show that the DC bus remains close to its reference even when renewable generation changes.
𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐝-𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐈𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫
The DC system is connected to the utility grid through a full-bridge inverter and an LCL filter.
Power Flow
Common DC Bus → Full-Bridge Inverter → LCL Filter → Grid
The inverter performs DC-to-AC conversion while the filter improves the quality of the current delivered to the grid.
Measurements include:
Inverter voltage
Inverter current
Grid current
The simulated grid-side current shows a sinusoidal waveform, demonstrating controlled grid-current operation.
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐲
The inverter employs a dq-frame current control strategy.
Reference Current Generation
The reference-current generation block considers parameters including:
PV current
Battery SOC
These signals are used to determine the required current reference and the direction of grid power exchange.
Depending on system conditions:
Power can be supplied toward the grid.
Power can be taken from the grid when required.
Renewable power can be directed toward battery charging.
Current Control Process
The actual inverter current is measured.
The measured current is transformed into the dq reference frame.
Reference dq currents are generated.
Actual and reference currents are compared.
Current errors are processed through PI controllers.
The controller generates voltage/control commands.
These commands are transformed back for inverter switching control.
The PWM generator produces the inverter gating pulses.
This closed-loop structure allows controlled current injection into the grid.
𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐕𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
The model also tests the system under variable wind conditions.
Time / Operating Region | Wind Speed | Wind Power |
Initial condition | 12 m/s | Approximately 2.6 kW |
Reduced wind-speed condition | Approximately 10–11 m/s | Approximately 1.5 kW |
The transcript describes the reduced wind speed as approximately 10.1 m/s at one point and approximately 10.7 m/s during the result discussion. In both cases, the important observation is that reducing wind speed causes a significant reduction in generated wind power.
𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐬
Several measurements are observed to evaluate the performance of the hybrid system.
Solar PV Results
The PV measurement section displays:
PV voltage
PV current
PV power
At approximately 1000 W/m², PV generation reaches about 2 kW.
When irradiance drops to approximately 500 W/m², the output falls to about 1 kW.
At very low irradiance of approximately 10 W/m², PV generation becomes almost zero.
When irradiance increases again, the PV power recovers accordingly.
Wind Generator Results
The wind system measurements include:
Generator voltage
Generator current
Rectifier voltage
Rectifier power
Boost converter voltage
Boost converter current
Boost converter power
Important Observations
Rectifier-side DC voltage is approximately 200 V.
Wind-side boost converter output is maintained near the 400 V common DC bus.
At 12 m/s, wind power is approximately 2.6 kW.
At the reduced wind speed, wind power falls to approximately 1.5 kW.
The P&O MPPT controller adjusts the wind converter according to available wind energy.
Battery Charging Results
Battery charging changes with the available renewable power.
Renewable Generation Condition | Approximate Battery Current |
High PV and wind generation | −13 A |
Reduced renewable generation | −7 A |
The negative battery current represents the charging condition used in the simulation.
When both solar and wind generation are high, the battery charging current is higher in magnitude.
As renewable generation decreases, the charging current also decreases.
This demonstrates the interaction between:
PV generation
Wind generation
Battery charging
DC-bus power balance
DC-Bus Results
The DC-bus measurements include:
DC-bus voltage
DC-load current
DC-load power
One of the main results is that the DC bus remains close to 400 V even when PV irradiance and wind speed change.
This confirms the role of the battery-side voltage controller in stabilizing the common DC link.
Grid and Inverter Results
The simulation displays:
Inverter voltage
Inverter current
Grid current
The grid current exhibits a controlled sinusoidal pattern.
The grid-current reference changes according to the operating condition of the renewable sources and battery.
This enables coordinated operation between the hybrid renewable system and the utility grid.
𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐌𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬
Section | Measured Parameters |
Solar PV | Voltage, current, power |
Wind generator | Generator voltage and current |
Rectifier | Voltage, current, power |
Wind boost converter | Voltage, current, power |
Battery | Voltage, current, SOC |
DC bus / DC load | Voltage, current, power |
Inverter | Voltage and current |
Grid | Grid current |
DC-link section | DC-bus currents |
These measurements make it easier to study the complete energy flow through the hybrid system.
𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐇𝐲𝐛𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
The overall energy conversion structure can be understood as:
Wind Turbine → PMSG → Rectifier → P&O MPPT Boost Converter → DC Bus
Solar PV → Incremental Conductance MPPT Boost Converter → DC Bus
Battery ↔ Bidirectional DC–DC Converter ↔ DC Bus
DC Bus → DC Load
DC Bus ↔ Grid-Connected Inverter → LCL Filter ↔ Utility Grid
The common DC bus therefore acts as the central power-sharing point for the entire system.
𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬
Hybrid solar PV–wind generation in a single MATLAB/Simulink model.
Approximately 2 kW solar PV system.
Approximately 2.8 kW wind energy conversion system.
Variable solar irradiance operation.
Variable wind-speed operation.
P&O MPPT for wind energy extraction.
Incremental Conductance MPPT for PV power extraction.
Battery Energy Storage System with a bidirectional DC–DC converter.
400 V regulated common DC bus.
Battery charging according to available renewable power.
DC-load integration.
Full-bridge grid-connected inverter.
LCL filter for grid interfacing.
dq-frame current control.
PI-based voltage and current control.
PWM-based switching control.
Measurement of renewable, battery, DC-load, inverter, and grid quantities.
𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐇𝐲𝐛𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
Using PV, wind, battery storage, and grid integration together provides several advantages:
Better utilization of renewable energy.
Improved availability compared with using only one renewable source.
Battery storage for excess renewable energy.
Stable DC-link operation during renewable-power changes.
Maximum power extraction from both renewable sources.
Flexible power exchange with the utility grid.
Better understanding of hybrid energy-management behavior.
Suitable platform for testing advanced renewable-energy controllers.
𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
This type of hybrid renewable energy system can be studied for applications such as:
Grid-connected renewable energy systems
Solar–wind hybrid power systems
Battery Energy Storage Systems
Smart-grid studies
Renewable power-management systems
Distributed generation
Residential and commercial renewable integration
DC microgrids
Hybrid energy-management studies
Grid-connected inverter control
MPPT controller development
Battery charging and power-balancing studies
𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐁𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐏𝐕 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝?
Solar and wind generation are naturally variable.
Solar PV output depends mainly on the available irradiance, while wind-generator output changes with wind speed.
Combining the two sources provides a more flexible renewable generation structure.
The battery further improves operation by absorbing available excess power and supporting power balancing as generation changes.
𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐈𝐬 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭?
MPPT is an essential part of renewable-energy conversion because the maximum available renewable power changes with environmental conditions.
In this model:
P&O MPPT is applied to the wind conversion system.
Incremental Conductance MPPT is applied to the solar PV system.
Both controllers help their respective power converters operate according to the changing input-energy conditions.
𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐈𝐬 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭?
The battery performs an important balancing function.
When renewable generation is high:
More renewable power becomes available.
Battery charging current can increase.
Excess energy can be stored.
When renewable generation decreases:
Battery charging current reduces.
Power-sharing conditions change.
The control system continues regulating the common DC bus.
The simulation demonstrates this behavior through battery-current changes from approximately −13 A to −7 A under different renewable-generation conditions.
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧
The Grid Connected Hybrid Solar PV Wind with Battery Energy Storage System in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrates the coordinated operation of solar PV, wind generation, battery storage, DC loads, and the utility grid.
The major simulation observations include:
PV power changes from approximately 2 kW to 1 kW and near zero as irradiance changes.
Wind generation reaches approximately 2.6 kW at 12 m/s and reduces when wind speed decreases.
P&O MPPT extracts power from the wind energy conversion system.
Incremental Conductance MPPT tracks PV maximum power under varying irradiance.
Battery charging current changes according to available renewable power.
The common DC bus remains around 400 V.
The grid-connected inverter produces controlled grid-side current.
dq-frame control enables regulated inverter operation and power exchange with the grid.
Overall, this MATLAB/Simulink model provides a clear platform for students, researchers, and engineers to understand hybrid solar PV–wind generation, battery energy storage, MPPT control, DC-bus regulation, and grid-connected inverter operation.
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