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Grid and Islanded Mode Operation of PV-Wind-Battery System in MATLAB

🌞⚡ Grid and Islanded Mode Operation of PV-Wind-Battery System in MATLAB

Hybrid renewable energy systems are becoming essential in building reliable and sustainable power systems. This blog explores a MATLAB simulation of a PV-Wind-Battery hybrid system under both grid-connected and islanded (standalone) modes. The system performance is analyzed under different environmental and load scenarios.

🌀 Case 1: Base Case with Full Wind and Solar Generation

In the first scenario:

  • Wind speed is maintained at 12 m/s

  • Solar irradiation is set at 1000 W/m²

This setup yields the following outcomes:

  • PV Power Output: 2000 W

  • Wind Power Output: 2400 W

  • AC Load: 1000 W

  • Battery Output: 3300 W

  • Total Generated Power: 4400 W

  • System Load (with minor losses): 4300 W

This scenario demonstrates efficient generation and balanced power sharing between the renewable sources and the battery.

☀️ Case 2: Reduced Solar Irradiation

In this condition, irradiation is reduced from 1000 W/m² to 500 W/m², while the wind speed is kept at 12 m/s.

Observations:

  • PV output drops to 1000 W due to reduced solar input.

  • Wind output remains at 2400 W.

  • Battery compensates by providing ~2300 W.

  • Load remains at 1000 W.

  • Total Generation: ~3400 W

  • Total Load: ~3300 W

This case highlights the system’s ability to maintain stability by adjusting battery output when PV generation drops.

💨 Case 3: Reduced Wind Speed

Here, the wind speed drops from 12 m/s to 11 m/s, while solar irradiation is kept constant at 1000 W/m².

Results:

  • PV Power stays at 2000 W

  • Wind Power drops due to decreased wind speed

  • Wind current falls from 6 A to ~4 A

  • Battery Output increases to compensate, maintaining a load supply of ~1000 W

  • Total Generation: ~3600 W

  • Total Load: ~3300 W

The system dynamically adjusts to wind speed fluctuations, ensuring reliable load supply using battery reserves.

🔌 Case 4: Load Increase Scenario

In this scenario, the load is increased from 1000 W to 1500 W, keeping wind speed and solar irradiation unchanged.

  • PV Power: 2000 W

  • Wind Power: 2400 W

  • Battery Output: Increases to ~2800 W

  • New Load: 1500 W

  • Total Generation: 4400 W

  • Total Load: 4300 W

The model accurately handles load variations, showing how the hybrid system adapts by drawing more energy from the battery.

🔄 Switching Between Grid and Islanded Modes

The model includes both grid-connected and islanded (standalone) operation.

✅ Standalone Mode

  • Grid is disconnected

  • Only PV, wind, and battery sources supply power

  • If excess renewable energy is available, it charges the battery

  • If renewables are insufficient, the battery discharges to meet load demand

🔁 Grid-Connected Mode

When grid is connected, power flow depends on:

  • Battery State-of-Charge (SOC)

  • PV current output

Control Logic:

  • If SOC < 10% and PV current < 0.5 A → draw power from the grid

  • If SOC > 10% and PV current > 0.5 A → supply excess power to the grid

This flexible setup ensures optimized energy management between renewable sources, battery, and the grid.

✅ Conclusion

This MATLAB-based simulation of a hybrid PV-Wind-Battery system provides critical insights into real-time performance under varying environmental and operational conditions. The system demonstrates:

  • Excellent power sharing capability

  • Intelligent battery support

  • Robust grid interaction logic

  • Adaptability to changing wind, solar, and load profiles

Such hybrid systems are ideal for smart grid applications, especially in regions with fluctuating renewable resources and load demands.

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