ANN MPPT for Grid Connected PV Wind Battery System
ANN MPPT for Grid Connected PV Wind Battery System
𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
The ANN MPPT for Grid Connected PV Wind Battery System is a MATLAB/Simulink-based hybrid renewable energy system that combines solar PV, wind energy, battery storage, DC loads, and a single-phase utility grid.
The system uses Artificial Neural Network Maximum Power Point Tracking (ANN MPPT) for both the solar PV and wind energy sections. The objective is to extract maximum available renewable power while maintaining a stable 400 V DC bus and enabling controlled power exchange with the grid.
This model is suitable for:
Students learning hybrid renewable energy systems
Researchers working on ANN-based MPPT
Engineers studying grid-connected microgrids
Power electronics and renewable-energy applications
Battery energy-storage control studies
The model operates as a hybrid DC–AC microgrid, where renewable sources and the battery are connected through suitable power electronic converters. Pasted text
𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐎𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰
The complete system contains the following major sections:
System Component | Main Function |
Solar PV Array | Generates renewable DC power |
ANN MPPT for PV | Extracts maximum available PV power |
Wind Turbine | Converts wind energy into mechanical energy |
PMSG | Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy |
Rectifier | Converts wind-generator AC output into DC |
Wind Boost Converter | Raises rectified DC voltage and performs MPPT |
ANN MPPT for Wind | Determines converter duty cycle for maximum wind power |
Battery Energy Storage | Supports DC-bus power balancing |
Bidirectional DC–DC Converter | Controls battery charging/discharging |
DC Bus | Common energy-transfer link |
DC Load | Consumes power directly from the DC microgrid |
Full-Bridge Inverter | Connects the DC microgrid to the AC grid |
Current Controller | Controls grid-side current |
PLL | Provides synchronization with the AC grid |
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐕 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
The solar PV source is connected to the common DC bus through a boost converter.
Main PV details
Parameter | Value |
Total PV Rating | Approximately 2 kW |
Individual Panel Rating | 250 W |
Number of Series Panels | 8 |
MPPT Method | ANN MPPT |
ANN Inputs | PV voltage and PV current |
Converter | Boost converter |
DC Bus Target | 400 V |
The ANN MPPT controller receives:
PV voltage
PV current
Based on these measurements, the ANN generates the required duty-cycle command.
The PWM generator converts this duty-cycle reference into switching pulses for the semiconductor switch of the boost converter.
This allows the PV array to operate close to its maximum available power under changing irradiation conditions.
𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
The wind-energy section consists of:
Wind Turbine → PMSG → Rectifier → Boost Converter → DC Bus
The output of the permanent magnet synchronous generator is first converted from AC to DC using a rectifier.
The ANN MPPT controller then regulates the boost converter.
Wind-system details
Parameter | Value |
Maximum Wind-System Rating | Approximately 3 kW |
Generator | PMSG |
AC–DC Conversion | Rectifier |
DC–DC Stage | Boost converter |
MPPT Method | ANN |
ANN Inputs | Rectifier voltage and rectifier current |
DC Bus | 400 V |
The ANN receives the rectifier voltage and current and produces the converter duty cycle.
This duty cycle is processed by the PWM generator to control the boost-converter switch and extract maximum available wind power.
𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞
The battery is connected to the DC bus through a bidirectional DC–DC converter.
Its primary purpose is to:
Maintain the DC bus near its reference value
Absorb surplus renewable power
Supply power when renewable generation is insufficient
Support DC-side power balancing
Battery-side control
The bidirectional converter uses DC-bus voltage control.
The measured DC-bus voltage is compared with the reference value of:
400 V
The voltage error is processed by a controller to generate the converter command.
Depending on system power conditions, the battery can automatically operate in:
Charging mode
Discharging mode
𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬
The overall operation can be understood in a few simple stages.
1. Renewable Power Generation
The PV system generates power according to solar irradiation.
The wind turbine produces power according to wind speed.
2. ANN-Based MPPT
Two ANN MPPT controllers are used independently:
ANN MPPT for solar PV
ANN MPPT for wind energy
Each ANN calculates the required boost-converter duty cycle.
3. DC-Bus Power Collection
PV power, wind power, and battery power are combined at the common DC bus.
The DC-link voltage is maintained at approximately 400 V.
4. Battery Power Balancing
The battery charges when excess energy is available and supports the system when additional power is required.
5. Grid Power Exchange
The inverter allows power to flow between the DC microgrid and the utility grid.
The direction of grid power depends mainly on renewable-generation conditions and battery SOC.
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐲
The model uses different control strategies for different subsystems.
ANN MPPT Control
The ANN-based MPPT controllers are used for:
PV boost converter
Wind boost converter
Their objective is to maximize renewable-energy extraction.
DC-Bus Voltage Control
The battery bidirectional converter regulates the DC-link voltage around:
400 V
Grid-Side Current Control
The grid-connected inverter uses a current-control strategy.
A reference current is generated based on operating conditions such as:
PV current
Battery SOC
The reference is synchronized with the grid through the PLL.
The measured inverter current and reference current are processed by the current controller before producing inverter switching commands.
𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
One of the important functions of the model is bidirectional grid interaction.
The operating logic described in the supplied model uses PV-current and battery-SOC conditions.
Operating Condition | Grid-Side Action |
PV current sufficiently available and SOC above threshold | Power can be transferred from DC microgrid to grid |
PV current very low and SOC below threshold | Power is drawn from grid |
Renewable generation changes | Battery and grid assist power balancing |
A PV-current threshold close to 0.5 A and a battery-SOC threshold of approximately 10% are used in the described control logic.
𝐏𝐋𝐋 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐈𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥
A Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) is used to synchronize the inverter reference with the AC grid.
The control structure includes:
Grid-voltage measurement
PLL
Reference-current generation
Coordinate transformation
Current regulation
PWM pulse generation
Full-bridge inverter
This arrangement enables controlled import and export of energy between the DC microgrid and the utility grid.
𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
Different renewable-source conditions are applied to evaluate the ANN MPPT and energy-management performance.
Solar Irradiation Test
Time | Irradiation |
Initial condition | 1000 W/m² |
Around 0.3 s | 500 W/m² |
Around 0.6 s | Approximately 10 W/m² |
Wind-Speed Test
Operating Period | Wind Speed |
Initial period | 12 m/s |
Later condition | 10.8 m/s |
Battery Condition
The model is evaluated using different battery SOC conditions, including:
Approximately 50% SOC
SOC below the 10% control threshold
𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐬
The model evaluates several important system responses.
PV Performance
Under approximately 1000 W/m², PV power is close to the rated operating region of the 2 kW array.
When irradiation is reduced to approximately 500 W/m², PV power drops to roughly 1 kW.
Under very low irradiation, PV output approaches zero.
Typical current values observed in the described simulation are:
Irradiation | Approximate PV Current |
1000 W/m² | 8.2 A |
500 W/m² | 3.8 A |
Very low irradiation | Close to 0 A |
𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞
The wind-system output also changes with wind speed.
Wind Speed | Approximate Wind Power |
12 m/s | Around 2.7 kW |
10.8 m/s | Around 1.5 kW |
The ANN MPPT controller adjusts the boost-converter operating point according to the available wind power.
𝐃𝐂 𝐁𝐮𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐃𝐂 𝐋𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐬
The DC-link voltage remains close to its target despite variations in PV and wind generation.
Parameter | Approximate Value |
DC Bus Voltage | 400 V |
DC Load Power | 1000 W |
DC Load Current | 2.5 A |
Maintaining a nearly constant DC-link voltage is important because all major DC-side components are connected to this common bus.
𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞
The battery current varies according to:
Solar irradiation
Wind speed
Renewable power availability
DC-load demand
Grid operating mode
For example, changes in irradiation produce corresponding variations in charging current.
When wind speed decreases, the battery current changes again to help maintain power balance.
This demonstrates the role of the battery as the main energy-balancing component.
𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞
When renewable generation is available and battery SOC is sufficient, the inverter can transfer power from the DC side toward the grid.
In this operating condition:
Grid voltage and current are approximately in phase
The DC microgrid supplies power toward the AC side
The inverter-current reference can be around 2 A peak in the demonstrated condition
𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐝 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞
When:
PV current falls below the control threshold, and
Battery SOC is below approximately 10%
the controller changes the grid-current reference so that the system draws power from the AC grid.
The simulation demonstrates an operating current close to 10 A peak for this condition.
The voltage and current are approximately 180° apart according to the sign convention used in the demonstrated model, indicating reversed power-flow direction.
The imported grid power can support:
Battery charging
DC-load demand
DC-bus stabilization
𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬
ANN-based MPPT for both PV and wind sources
Separate boost converters for PV and wind energy systems
PMSG-based wind-generation system
Battery energy storage with bidirectional converter
400 V regulated DC bus
Automatic battery charging and discharging
Grid-connected full-bridge inverter
PLL-based grid synchronization
Current-controlled grid power exchange
Renewable-power variation testing
Battery-SOC-based operating logic
Grid import and export operating modes
PV voltage, current, and power monitoring
Wind rectifier and boost-converter power monitoring
Battery voltage, current, and SOC monitoring
DC-load voltage, current, and power monitoring
Inverter and grid waveform analysis
𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐍𝐍 𝐌𝐏𝐏𝐓
ANN MPPT is useful for renewable systems because the operating point changes continuously with environmental conditions.
In this model, ANN control helps:
Track changing solar conditions
Track changing wind conditions
Generate converter duty cycles directly from measured electrical variables
Improve renewable-power utilization
Support operation under multiple environmental conditions
Demonstrate intelligent MPPT concepts in MATLAB/Simulink
𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
This simulation framework can be useful for studying:
Hybrid renewable-energy systems
PV–wind hybrid generation
ANN-based MPPT techniques
Smart DC microgrids
AC/DC hybrid microgrids
Battery energy-storage systems
Grid-connected renewable systems
Bidirectional power flow
Renewable energy management
Power-electronic converter control
Grid synchronization
Intelligent energy-management strategies
𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐚𝐧 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥?
The model is suitable for:
𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐂𝐚𝐧 𝐁𝐞 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐳𝐞𝐝?
Users can study:
PV MPPT performance
Wind MPPT performance
PV response to irradiation changes
Wind response to wind-speed changes
DC-bus voltage regulation
Battery charge/discharge behavior
Battery SOC response
DC-load performance
Inverter current response
Grid-current direction
Grid import mode
Grid export mode
Voltage–current phase relationship
Hybrid renewable power balancing
𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐈𝐬 𝐔𝐬𝐞𝐟𝐮𝐥
The main advantage of this simulation is that it brings several important renewable-energy concepts into one integrated model.
Instead of studying PV, wind, battery, and grid systems separately, users can observe how all components interact through a common DC bus.
It also provides a practical platform for understanding:
Intelligent MPPT
Converter control
Energy storage
Grid synchronization
Power-flow management
Renewable intermittency
Microgrid operation
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧
The ANN MPPT for Grid Connected PV Wind Battery System demonstrates an intelligent hybrid renewable-energy architecture combining solar PV, wind generation, battery storage, DC loads, and grid interaction.
ANN-based MPPT controllers regulate the PV and wind boost converters to extract available renewable power, while the battery bidirectional converter helps maintain the 400 V DC bus.
The grid-connected inverter supports controlled bidirectional power flow according to renewable availability and battery SOC. Simulation conditions involving irradiation changes, wind-speed variation, and different SOC levels demonstrate the coordinated operation of the complete system.
Overall, the model provides a clear MATLAB/Simulink platform for learning and analyzing ANN MPPT, hybrid renewable energy, battery storage, DC-bus regulation, and grid-connected power control.
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