EV Battery Supercapacitor System in MATLAB Simulink

Electric vehicles require an energy storage system that can supply steady power, respond quickly to sudden load changes, and recover energy during braking. A battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system combines the high energy capacity of a battery with the fast power response of a supercapacitor.

Figure 1. MATLAB Simulink model of the EV battery-supercapacitor system.

Battery–Supercapacitor Energy Management System for Electric Vehicle in MATLAB

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EV Battery Supercapacitor System Overview

The Simulink model includes an FTP75 drive cycle input, electric vehicle model, battery pack, supercapacitor, DC-DC converter, measurement blocks, and power calculation blocks. The battery supplies the average vehicle power demand, while the supercapacitor supports fast transient power during sudden acceleration and braking conditions.

Battery Current, Voltage, and SOC Response

Figure 2. Battery current, battery voltage, and SOC response.

The battery current response shows the power contribution of the battery under different vehicle operating conditions. The battery voltage remains within a stable operating range, while the SOC decreases gradually. This confirms that the battery continuously supports the main energy requirement of the EV model.

Power Sharing and Vehicle Velocity

Figure 3. EV load power, battery power, supercapacitor power, and vehicle velocity.

The power response shows how the battery and supercapacitor share the EV load demand. The battery follows the main load requirement, and the supercapacitor supports quick power changes. The velocity plot verifies that the system is tested under variable speed conditions instead of a fixed operating point.

Supercapacitor Current and Voltage Response

Figure 4. Supercapacitor current and voltage response.

The supercapacitor current changes rapidly during transient load conditions, confirming its role as a fast-response power support device. The voltage remains almost stable after the initial settling period, which indicates balanced operation between the battery, converter, supercapacitor, and EV load.

Conclusion

The MATLAB Simulink results show that the battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system improves EV power management by distributing load demand between high-energy and high-power storage devices. This method reduces battery stress, improves transient response, and supports efficient EV energy storage analysis for research and learning applications.

LMS Solution provides MATLAB Simulink-based learning models and research support for EV systems, renewable energy, power electronics, and intelligent energy management applications.