PV Wind Battery Grid Powered EV Charging System in MATLAB
 
This MATLAB/Simulink model represents a grid-connected electric vehicle charging station powered by solar PV, wind energy, battery storage, and the utility grid. All energy sources are integrated through a common DC link to provide reliable EV charging under changing solar irradiation, wind speed, battery condition, and charging demand.
 
The solar PV and wind-generation systems use independent DC–DC boost converters with Perturb and Observe maximum power point tracking. The battery is connected through a bidirectional DC–DC converter for charging, discharging, and DC-link voltage support. A controlled DC–DC converter supplies regulated charging current to the EV battery. A three-phase voltage-source inverter enables bidirectional power transfer between the DC charging system and the utility grid.
 
System Specifications
 
Simulation platform: MATLAB/Simulink
System type: Grid-connected hybrid renewable EV charging station
Energy sources: Solar PV, wind generator, battery, and utility grid
Common DC-link reference: 600 V
PV converter: DC–DC boost converter
PV MPPT method: Perturb and Observe algorithm
PV duty-cycle range: 0.1 to 0.9
Wind generation: Wind turbine coupled with a three-phase generator
Wind rectification: Three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier
Wind converter: DC–DC boost converter
Wind MPPT method: Perturb and Observe algorithm
Battery interface: Bidirectional DC–DC converter
Battery controller: PI-based DC-link voltage regulation
EV interface: Controlled step-down DC–DC charging converter
EV charging control: PI-based constant-current control
Grid interface: Three-phase voltage-source inverter
Grid synchronization: Phase-locked loop
Grid-current control: Synchronous DQ-frame PI control
Power-flow capability: Grid import and grid export
Simulation type: Discrete power-electronic simulation
 
Working Principle
 
The solar PV array converts solar irradiation into DC electrical power. PV voltage and current are measured continuously and multiplied to calculate PV power. The P&O MPPT controller compares the present voltage and power with their previous values and adjusts the boost-converter duty cycle. This process maintains operation near the maximum power point during variations in solar irradiation.
 
The wind turbine converts available wind energy into mechanical torque and drives the three-phase generator. The generator output is converted into DC through a diode rectifier. The rectified voltage and current are measured to calculate wind power. A separate P&O MPPT controller regulates the wind-side boost converter and transfers the available wind power to the common DC link.
 
The battery-energy storage system is connected to the DC link through a bidirectional converter. The measured DC-link voltage is compared with the 600 V reference. The resulting error is processed by a PI controller to generate converter switching commands. Excess renewable power can charge the battery, while the battery can provide temporary power support during sudden renewable-power reductions or load changes.
 
The EV battery is supplied through a controlled step-down converter. The measured EV charging current is compared with the reference current. A PI current controller adjusts the converter duty cycle to maintain stable and controlled battery charging.
 
The grid-connected inverter balances the difference between renewable generation and the total DC-side power requirement. A phase-locked loop extracts the grid angle for synchronization. The measured three-phase currents are transformed into the DQ reference frame, regulated using PI controllers, and converted back into three-phase reference signals for PWM pulse generation.
 
When PV and wind generation are greater than the EV and battery requirements, the surplus power is exported to the utility grid. When renewable generation is insufficient, the grid supplies the required deficit power. The battery provides fast transient support and helps maintain the DC-link voltage.
 
Main Operating Modes
 
Renewable-Power Supply Mode
 
The PV and wind systems supply the EV charging load. Any additional power can be used to charge the battery or exported to the grid.
 
Battery-Charging Mode
 
When renewable generation is greater than the EV demand and the battery can accept energy, the bidirectional converter transfers excess DC-link power to the battery.
 
Battery-Support Mode
 
During sudden reductions in PV or wind power, the battery temporarily discharges to reduce DC-link voltage fluctuations.
 
Grid-Import Mode
 
When combined PV, wind, and battery power are insufficient, the utility grid supplies the remaining EV charging demand.
 
Grid-Export Mode
 
When total renewable generation exceeds the EV charging and battery requirements, surplus power is delivered to the grid.
 
Key Features
 
Independent MPPT control for solar PV and wind-energy systems.
Regulated 600 V common DC-link architecture.
Bidirectional battery charging and discharging.
Controlled constant-current EV battery charging.
Automatic grid power import and export.
PLL-based inverter synchronization.
DQ-frame grid-current control.
Continuous EV charging during renewable-power variations.
Separate measurement of PV, wind, battery, EV, and grid variables.
Flexible structure for replacing or testing advanced control algorithms.
 
Use Cases
 
Renewable EV Charging Station
The model can be used to design and analyse charging stations powered by solar, wind, battery storage, and grid support.
 
Smart Microgrid Research
The system is suitable for studying renewable-energy coordination, DC-link control, battery scheduling, and bidirectional grid interaction.
 
Energy-Management Development
Rule-based, fuzzy, optimization-based, artificial-intelligence, or reinforcement-learning energy-management controllers can be integrated.
 
MPPT Algorithm Comparison
The existing P&O controllers can be replaced with Incremental Conductance, fuzzy logic, PSO, neural-network, or hybrid MPPT methods.
 
Battery-Control Analysis
The model supports studies related to battery state of charge, charging and discharging control, transient support, and DC-link stabilization.
 
Grid Power-Quality Studies
The inverter section can be used to evaluate active power, reactive power, grid current, power factor, synchronization, and harmonic performance.
 
Renewable-Variation Testing
Different irradiation, temperature, and wind-speed profiles can be applied to test system operation under intermittent renewable generation.
 
Academic and Industrial Applications
The model is suitable for postgraduate projects, research papers, controller validation, EV charging studies, microgrid development, and MATLAB/Simulink training.