PV MPPT Charger Control for Battery in MATLAB Simulink
 
This product presents a MATLAB/Simulink model of a PV-based MPPT battery charging system with overcharge protection. The system includes a solar PV array, P&O MPPT controller, PWM-controlled buck converter, lithium-ion battery, and SOC-based charging protection logic.
 
The main objective of this model is to extract maximum available power from the PV panel and safely charge the battery. The P&O MPPT controller tracks the maximum power point of the PV array and controls the buck converter duty cycle. When the battery SOC reaches 100%, the MPPT control is disabled and the buck converter switching operation is stopped to protect the battery from overcharging.
 
The simulation clearly shows PV voltage, PV current, PV power, battery voltage, battery current, battery power, and battery SOC response under different operating conditions.
 
Specification
 
Parameter
Value / Details
Product Code
SKU 1103
Software
MATLAB/Simulink
System Type
PV MPPT Battery Charger
PV Control Method
P&O MPPT
Converter Type
Buck Converter
Switching Control
PWM-based gate pulse generation
Protection Control
SOC-based overcharge protection
SOC Cut-off Limit
100%
Control Action at Full SOC
MPPT disabled and buck converter stopped
Simulation Type
Discrete
Sample Time
5e-06 s
Simulation Time
10 s
PV Array Type
User-defined PV module
PV Maximum Power
99.9 W
PV Open-Circuit Voltage
21.6 V
PV Short-Circuit Current
6.11 A
PV Voltage at MPP
18 V
PV Current at MPP
5.55 A
PV Cells per Module
60
Series Modules per String
1
Parallel Strings
1
Battery Type
Lithium-Ion
Battery Nominal Voltage
12 V
Battery Rated Capacity
2 Ah
Initial Battery SOC
99.7%
Battery Response Time
30 s
Temperature Effect
Disabled
Aging Effect
Disabled
 
 
Working
 
The PV array receives irradiance and temperature as input signals. The PV voltage and PV current are measured and given to the P&O MPPT controller.
 
The P&O MPPT controller calculates the change in PV power and adjusts the duty cycle to operate the PV system near the maximum power point. The generated duty cycle is applied to the PWM control circuit, which drives the switching device of the buck converter.
 
The buck converter steps down and regulates the PV output voltage to charge the 12 V lithium-ion battery. During charging, the battery current and battery power appear as negative values due to the Simulink battery measurement convention. This indicates that the battery is absorbing power from the PV system.
 
As the battery charges, the SOC gradually increases from 99.7% to 100%. Once the SOC reaches 100%, the protection logic disables the MPPT control signal and stops the buck converter switching operation. This prevents additional charging current from flowing into the battery and protects the battery from overcharging.
 
After the buck converter is stopped, the battery current becomes nearly zero, the battery power becomes nearly zero, and the SOC remains constant at 100%.
 
Simulation Result Highlights
 
Output
Observation
PV Voltage
Operates near the maximum power point before full battery SOC
PV Current
Changes according to irradiance and converter operation
PV Power
Around 50 W initially and near 100 W during higher irradiance
Battery Voltage
Increases during charging condition
Battery Current
Negative during charging and nearly zero after full SOC
Battery Power
Negative during charging and nearly zero after converter stop
Battery SOC
Increases from 99.7% to 100%
MPPT Control
Active during charging and disabled at 100% SOC
Buck Converter
Operates during charging and stops at full battery SOC
Battery Protection
Prevents overcharging after SOC reaches 100%
 
Operation Explanation
 
Solar irradiance and temperature are applied to the PV array.
PV voltage and PV current are measured.
PV power is calculated using PV voltage and PV current.
The P&O MPPT controller tracks the maximum power point.
The MPPT controller generates the duty cycle for the buck converter.
The PWM circuit produces switching pulses for the converter switch.
The buck converter transfers controlled PV power to the battery.
The lithium-ion battery charges and its SOC increases.
The SOC protection logic continuously monitors the battery SOC.
When SOC reaches 100%, the MPPT controller is disabled.
The buck converter switching pulses are stopped.
Battery charging current becomes nearly zero to avoid overcharging.
Battery SOC remains constant at 100% after full charge protection.
 
Use Cases
 
Application Area
Use Case
Solar Battery Charging
Studying safe PV-based battery charging operation
MPPT Control Systems
Understanding P&O MPPT implementation in MATLAB/Simulink
Battery Protection Study
Analyzing SOC-based overcharge protection
Power Electronics
Learning buck converter-based battery charging
Renewable Energy Systems
Demonstrating PV energy conversion and storage
Battery Energy Storage
Observing voltage, current, power, and SOC behavior
Standalone PV Systems
Designing small-scale solar battery charger systems
Controller Development
Testing MPPT enable/disable logic based on battery SOC
Educational Simulation
Useful for MATLAB/Simulink learning and demonstration