PV Battery Fuel Cell Integrated Grid Connected using MATLAB

This MATLAB/Simulink model presents a hybrid grid-connected power system that integrates a solar photovoltaic array, fuel cell stack, and lithium-ion battery for coordinated energy management. The system is designed to maintain a regulated DC bus, supply local AC load demand, and exchange power with the utility grid through a full-bridge inverter. A boost converter with P&O MPPT is used for maximum PV power extraction, while the fuel cell and battery are interfaced through dedicated converters for backup support and dynamic power balancing.

The model demonstrates source coordination under varying operating conditions, where the PV source delivers renewable power, the fuel cell provides sustained support, and the battery handles transient charging and discharging requirements. The simulation includes voltage, current, power, SOC, grid response, inverter response, and DC bus balancing characteristics, making it suitable for hybrid renewable energy system analysis and converter control studies.

Specifications

1. PV Array Specifications

• PV module type: User-defined

• Maximum power per module: 250.205 W

• Cells per module: 60

• Open-circuit voltage, Voc: 37.3 V

• Short-circuit current, Isc: 8.66 A

• Voltage at maximum power point, Vmp: 30.7 V

• Current at maximum power point, Imp: 8.15 A

• Temperature coefficient of Voc: -0.36901 %/deg.C

• Temperature coefficient of Isc: 0.086998 %/deg.C

• Parallel strings: 1

• Series-connected modules per string: 8

• Total PV rated power: 250.205 × 8 = 2001.64 W

• Approximate PV string voltage at MPP: 30.7 × 8 = 245.6 V

• Approximate PV string open-circuit voltage: 37.3 × 8 = 298.4 V

• Irradiance set used for display: 1000, 800, 600, 400 W/m²

2. Fuel Cell Stack Specifications

• Fuel cell type: User-defined

• Model detail level: Detailed

• Voltage at 0 A and 1 A: [300 295] V

• Nominal operating point: 20 A, 220 V

• Maximum operating point: 35 A, 200 V

• Number of cells: 65

• Nominal stack efficiency: 55 %

• Operating temperature: 65 °C

• Nominal air flow rate: 300 lpm

• Nominal supply pressure: Fuel = 1.5 bar, Air = 1 bar

• Nominal composition: H₂ = 99.95, O₂ = 21, H₂O(Air) = 1

• Nominal fuel cell power: 220 × 20 = 4400 W

• Maximum fuel cell power: 200 × 35 = 7000 W

3. Battery Specifications

• Battery type: Lithium-Ion

• Nominal voltage: 12 × 20 = 240 V

• Rated capacity: 48 Ah

• Initial state of charge: 80 %

• Battery response time: 0.0001 s

• Nominal stored energy: 240 × 48 = 11520 Wh

• Nominal stored energy: 11.52 kWh

4. Grid Specifications

• Grid voltage: 230 V RMS

• Peak grid voltage: 230 × √2 = 325.27 V

• Grid frequency: 50 Hz

• Phase angle: 0°

• Sample time: 0

5. System / Simulation Specifications from Results

• Total simulation time: 1.6 s

• DC bus nominal voltage from waveform: approximately 400 V

• DC bus transient range: approximately 330 V to 430 V

• PV maximum power from waveform: approximately 2 kW

• Fuel cell maximum power from waveform: approximately 5.8 kW to 6 kW

• Battery current range from waveform: approximately +2 A to -25 A

• Load power from waveform: approximately 300 W

• Inverter output power from waveform: approximately 600 W to 650 W

• Grid steady power from waveform: approximately 300 W to 380 W

• Load voltage peak from waveform: approximately ±325 V

• Grid voltage peak from waveform: approximately ±325 V

• SOC variation during simulation: approximately 80.000 to 80.009

Specifications

• System configuration: PV + Fuel Cell + Battery + Grid

• PV converter: Boost converter

• MPPT method: Perturb and Observe (P&O)

• Battery converter: Bidirectional DC-DC converter

• Grid-side converter: Full-bridge inverter

• Battery chemistry: Lithium-Ion

• PV rated capacity: 2.0 kW

• Fuel cell rated power: 4.4 kW nominal

• Fuel cell maximum power: 7 kW

• Battery storage capacity: 11.52 kWh

• Grid side: 230 V, 50 Hz

• DC bus operating level: approximately 400 V

• Control functions: MPPT, DC bus control, inverter control, source coordination

Use Cases

• Hybrid renewable energy system simulation

• PV-fuel cell-battery coordinated energy management studies

• Grid-connected microgrid control analysis

• Battery charging and discharging control verification

• Fuel cell backup support evaluation

• DC bus regulation studies

• Academic projects in power electronics and renewable energy

• MATLAB/Simulink-based thesis and journal simulation work

• Teaching demonstration for hybrid energy storage and source integration

• Grid interaction and converter performance analysis

Short Product Highlights

• PV Capacity: 2.001 kW

• Fuel Cell Power: 4.4 kW nominal, 7 kW maximum

• Battery Rating: 240 V, 48 Ah, 11.52 kWh

• Grid Rating: 230 V, 50 Hz

• DC Bus: 400 V

• MPPT: P&O

• Battery Type: Lithium-Ion