G2V and V2G Operation in Single Phase Grid in MATLAB

Vehicle to Grid (V2G) and Grid to Vehicle (G2V) in Single-Phase Grid Using MATLAB/Simulink

This MATLAB/Simulink model presents the operation of Vehicle to Grid (V2G) and Grid to Vehicle (G2V) in a single-phase grid system. The model is developed to study bidirectional power flow between an electric vehicle battery and the utility grid. It consists of a single-phase grid, LCL filter, single-phase inverter, bidirectional DC-DC converter, DC link, and EV battery. The bidirectional converter is used to control the battery charging and discharging current, while the inverter manages power exchange between the DC link and the grid.

The system uses a PI controller for battery current control and a PR controller for inverter current control. A PLL-based synchronization unit is used to generate the sinusoidal reference signal according to the grid phase angle. During G2V mode, the grid charges the battery and the battery current remains negative. During V2G mode, the battery supplies power back to the grid and the battery current becomes positive. The model clearly demonstrates phase relation, current reversal, DC-link voltage regulation, and seamless transition between charging and discharging modes.

Specification / Ratings

• Software Platform: MATLAB/Simulink

• System Type: Single-phase V2G and G2V model

• Grid Interface: Single-phase grid with LCL filter

• Inverter Type: Single-phase inverter

• DC-DC Converter: Bidirectional DC-DC converter

• Battery Nominal Voltage: 160 V

• Battery Rated Capacity: 120 Ah

• Initial State of Charge: 50%

• DC-Link Voltage: 400 V

• Battery Current Controller: PI controller

• Inverter Current Controller: PR controller

• Synchronization Technique: PLL-based synchronization

• Charging Current Example: -2 A / -12 A

• Discharging Current Example: +12 A

• Battery Voltage During Charging: Around 170 V

• Mode Change Demonstration: Step change at 0.5 s from -12 A to +12 A

Key Points

• Demonstrates both G2V and V2G operation in a single-phase grid

• Shows bidirectional power transfer between battery and grid

• Uses PI control for battery current regulation

• Uses PR control for inverter-side current tracking

• Maintains DC-link voltage at 400 V

• Includes PLL for grid synchronization

• Explains how voltage-current phase relation indicates direction of power flow

• Demonstrates smooth transition from charging mode to discharging mode

• Useful for understanding EV-grid interaction and smart charging concepts

• Provides clear simulation behavior for current reversal and power flow control

Useful To

• Electric vehicle charging and discharging studies

• Vehicle-to-grid and smart grid research

• MATLAB/Simulink-based power electronics projects

• Bidirectional converter control analysis

• Inverter control and grid synchronization learning

• Academic project demonstrations

• EV battery-grid integration studies

• Research on distributed energy support through EV batteries