100 kW EV Charging Station with PV Grid System in MATLAB Simulink
 
This project presents a 100 kW grid-connected electric vehicle charging station integrated with a photovoltaic energy source using MATLAB/Simulink. The system supplies EV battery charging power through a regulated DC link while coordinating power flow among the solar PV array, three-phase utility grid, and EV battery load. The model includes a PV array, DC–DC boost converter, P&O MPPT controller, grid-side voltage source converter, DC-link voltage regulation, dq-control-based grid synchronization, and EV battery charging interface.
 
The PV system acts as the main renewable source. When solar power is available, the MPPT controller extracts maximum power and transfers it to the DC link through the boost converter. The grid-side inverter maintains stable PCC operation and supports power exchange with the utility grid. During reduced irradiance or higher charging demand, the grid assists the charging station to maintain continuous EV charging.
 
System Specifications:
 
Parameter
Specification
Simulation platform
MATLAB/Simulink
Rated charging station power
100 kW
PV output power
Approximately 100 kW at high irradiance
PV voltage
Around 600 V
PV current
Around 165 A before irradiance change
PV power after irradiance change
Around 50 kW
DC-link voltage reference
1200 V
Grid connection
Three-phase AC grid
PCC voltage
Around ±325 V phase waveform
Grid frequency
60 Hz
PV converter
DC–DC boost converter
Grid converter
Three-phase voltage source converter
MPPT algorithm
Perturb and Observe MPPT
Grid control method
dq-axis control with PI controller
EV battery voltage
Around 866–870 V
EV charging current
Around −110 A
Battery SOC
50% to about 50.08%
Simulation time
5 s
Irradiance change
Around 2.5 s
Control sampling time
5e−6 s
 
Main Components
 
The solar PV array generates renewable power for EV charging. In the simulation, the PV system initially produces nearly 100 kW. At around 2.5 s, irradiance is reduced, causing PV output power to drop to nearly 50 kW.
 
The P&O MPPT controller receives PV voltage and current, calculates the power variation, and adjusts the boost converter duty cycle. Its function is to keep the PV array operating near the maximum power point under changing irradiance conditions.
 
The DC–DC boost converter increases the PV voltage and transfers solar power to the common DC link. The DC-link capacitor maintains a regulated voltage of approximately 1200 V, which acts as the common power transfer point between the PV source, grid converter, and EV charging interface.
The grid-side voltage source converter connects the DC link to the three-phase utility grid. It uses dq-axis control, PI controllers, and PWM gate signals to regulate active and reactive power exchange. The PCC voltage and current remain balanced and sinusoidal during steady-state operation.
 
The EV battery charging interface draws power from the DC link and charges the battery. The battery voltage remains around 866–870 V, while the charging current is approximately −110 A. The negative current indicates charging mode.
 
Operation Details
 
Initially, the PV array operates under high irradiance and generates nearly 100 kW. The MPPT controller tracks the maximum power point, and the boost converter transfers the extracted PV power to the DC link. The DC-link voltage is maintained close to 1200 V.
 
At around 2.5 s, the irradiance decreases. As a result, the PV current reduces from about 165 A to nearly 85 A, and the PV power decreases from approximately 100 kW to 50 kW. A short transient appears in PV voltage, PV current, DC-link voltage, grid current, and grid power, but the control system quickly stabilizes the response.
 
After the irradiance change, the PV system continues operating at the new maximum power point. The grid-side converter supports the power balance, while the EV battery charging process continues without interruption.
 
Simulation Result Description
 
The PV voltage remains close to 600 V during steady-state operation. The PV current and power reduce after the irradiance change, confirming correct MPPT operation. The DC-link voltage is regulated around 1200 V, with only a small transient during the change in PV generation.
 
The PCC voltage and current waveforms are balanced and sinusoidal. The grid power response shows that the utility grid supports the charging station when PV generation decreases. The EV battery voltage slightly increases, and SOC rises from 50% to approximately 50.08% within 5 seconds, confirming successful EV charging.
 
Use Case Details
 
This model is useful for studying PV-powered EV charging stations, grid-connected charging infrastructure, MPPT control, DC-link voltage regulation, power converter control, grid power exchange, EV battery charging behavior, and renewable energy integration for smart transportation systems.
 
Key Advantages
 
The system reduces grid dependency by using solar PV power for EV charging. The grid connection improves reliability during low solar generation. The MPPT controller improves PV energy extraction, while the regulated DC link ensures stable power transfer among the PV source, grid, and EV battery. The dq-axis grid controller maintains balanced grid operation and smooth power exchange.