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Multi-Port Converter for Integration of PV Wind Battery Super Capacitor

Multi-Port Converter for Integration of PV Wind Battery Super Capacitor


Introduction

We will discuss the integration of multiple renewable energy sources, including solar PV, wind energy, battery storage, and super capacitors, using a multi-port converter in a DC microgrid application. This converter facilitates the efficient management and distribution of power among various sources and loads.



Explanation of Simulink Model

The Simulink model created for integrating renewable energy sources with a multi-port converter includes:

  • Solar PV source

  • Wind energy source

  • Battery

  • Super capacitor

  • DC load

The model consists of four ports: three input ports and one output port, controlled by switches (S1, S2, S3, and S4). The switches are managed based on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for both PV and wind energy conversion.

Modes of Operation

The multi-port converter operates in four different modes:

  1. Mode 1: PV and Wind OFF

  • The DC load receives power only from the battery and super capacitor.

  1. Mode 2: PV ON and Wind OFF

  • The system operates with the PV panel, battery, super capacitor, and load.

  1. Mode 3: PV OFF and Wind ON

  • The system operates with the wind energy conversion, battery, super capacitor, and load.

  1. Mode 4: PV and Wind ON

  • The system operates with all sources: PV, wind, battery, super capacitor, and load.

PV Panel and Battery Details

  • PV Panel:

  • 48.161 CPU panel

  • Voltage at maximum power point: 10.2V

  • Current at maximum power point: 2.8A

  • Operating voltage: 50V

  • Maximum current: 3A

  • Battery:

  • Nominal voltage: 36V

  • Rated capacity: 32Ah

  • Type: Lithium-ion

  • Super Capacitor:

  • Capacitance: 9.6F

  • Rated voltage: 36V

  • Initial voltage: 36V

  • Load:

  • Resistance: 15Ω (primary load)

  • Additional load: 50Ω (added based on command signals)

MPPT Working for PV and Wind

The MPPT algorithm is used to extract maximum power from both PV and wind energy sources. The PV voltage and current are measured and processed through the MPPT, generating a duty cycle to control switches S1 and S2. Similarly, the wind energy conversion system's current and voltage are measured and processed through the MPPT, controlling switch S4.

Mode 1 - PV and Wind OFF Conditions

In this mode, the system operates only with the battery and super capacitor. The load receives power from these sources, and the response of the voltage across the load, the current in the inductor, and the currents of the super capacitor and battery are analyzed.

Mode 2 - PV ON and Wind OFF Conditions

In this mode, the PV panel, battery, super capacitor, and load are considered. The irradiation is varied every two seconds, and the response of the system is observed. The super capacitor and battery assist in maintaining the load voltage during changes in PV irradiation.

Mode 3 - PV OFF and Wind ON Condition

In this mode, the wind energy conversion system is connected along with the battery, super capacitor, and load. The current reference for the wind energy system is varied every two seconds, and the system's response is monitored.

Mode 4 - PV and Wind ON Condition

In this mode, the system operates with all sources: PV, wind energy conversion, battery, super capacitor, and load. The irradiation and wind energy current reference are varied, and the system's response is analyzed.

Conclusion

The multi-port converter effectively integrates various renewable energy sources in a DC microgrid application, ensuring stable and efficient power management. The system can operate under different modes, adapting to the availability of PV and wind energy while maintaining a reliable power supply to the load.

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